Block J, Robins R W
University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Child Dev. 1993 Jun;64(3):909-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02951.x.
In a longitudinal study of 47 girls and 44 boys, developmental change in self-esteem (SE) was examined from early adolescence through late adolescence to early adulthood. Males tended to increase and females tended to decrease in SE over time. There was appreciable rank-order consistency in SE over time. Within each gender, the considerable individual differences in developmental trajectories were coherently related to personality characteristics independently assessed in early adolescence. Boys and girls with high SE possessed quite different personality characteristics in early adolescence; by early adulthood, although important differences remained, the personality characteristics associated with high SE were similar for the 2 sexes. Discussion focuses on the implications of our findings for the "consistency versus change" debate, the influence of gender-role socialization on SE development, and the importance of examining normative, gender-specific, and individual developmental change in SE.
在一项针对47名女孩和44名男孩的纵向研究中，对自尊（SE）从青春期早期到青春期晚期再到成年早期的发展变化进行了考察。随着时间的推移，男性的自尊倾向于增加，而女性的自尊倾向于下降。自尊随时间存在明显的等级顺序一致性。在每个性别内部，发展轨迹上相当大的个体差异与青春期早期独立评估的人格特征密切相关。自尊高的男孩和女孩在青春期早期具有截然不同的人格特征；到成年早期，尽管重要差异依然存在，但与高自尊相关的人格特征在两性中是相似的。讨论集中于我们的研究结果对“一致性与变化”辩论的影响、性别角色社会化对自尊发展的影响，以及研究自尊的规范性、性别特异性和个体发展变化的重要性。
