Foster C, Green M A, Snyder A C, Thompson N N
University of Wisconsin Medical School, Sinai Samaritan Medical Center, Milwaukee 53233.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Jul;25(7):877-82. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199307000-00018.
Laboratory studies with competitive athletes often use graded exercise protocols to elicit physiologic responses. This pattern of power output is different than ordinarily employed by athletes during competition. To understand the physiologic responses during competition, we studied 24 athletes (speed skaters, cyclists, triathletes) during simulated competition, a 5-km time trial on a racing bicycle attached to a windload simulator, and during cycle ergometer graded exercise testing (N = 8). During the time trial the velocity pattern was similar to real world competitions, and the subjects indicated that the time trial was perceptually similar to competition. Physiologic responses were of significantly greater magnitude vs graded exercise (VO2max: 3.46 +/- 0.73 vs 3.27 +/- 0.79 l.min-1; VEmax: 138 +/- 27 vs 119 +/- 22 l.min-1; HRmax 184 +/- 11 vs 175 +/- 11 beats x min-1; HLa 14.8 +/- 3.7 vs 11.9 +/- 2.1 mM). All physiologic measures increased steadily throughout the time trial (km 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5: VO2 = 1.03, 2.95, 3.42, 3.69, 3.82, and 3.92 l.min-1; HR = 93, 175, 181, 185, 189, and 194 beats.min-1; VE = 31, 99, 120, 129, 145, and 156 l.min-1; HLa = 2.9, 5.6, 7.2, 9.2, 10.6, and 13.5 mM). In six subjects (speed skaters), the peak values observed during time trial for HR (188 +/- 6 vs 191 +/- 5 beats.min-1) and HLa (16.4 +/- 3.1 vs 17.0 +/- 4.2 mM) were not significantly different than observed during real world competition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
针对竞技运动员的实验室研究通常采用分级运动方案来引发生理反应。这种功率输出模式与运动员在比赛中通常采用的模式不同。为了解比赛期间的生理反应，我们对24名运动员（速滑运动员、自行车运动员、铁人三项运动员）进行了研究，研究内容包括模拟比赛（在连接有风力负荷模拟器的赛车自行车上进行5公里计时赛）以及自行车测力计分级运动测试（n = 8）。在计时赛期间，速度模式与现实世界比赛相似，受试者表示计时赛在感知上与比赛相似。与分级运动相比，生理反应的幅度明显更大（最大摄氧量：3.46±0.73对3.27±0.79升·分钟⁻¹；最大每分通气量：138±27对119±22升·分钟⁻¹；最高心率184±11对175±11次·分钟⁻¹；血乳酸14.8±3.7对11.9±2.1毫摩尔）。在整个计时赛过程中，所有生理指标均稳步上升（0公里处、1公里处、2公里处、3公里处、4公里处和5公里处：最大摄氧量分别为1.03、2.95、3.42、3.69、3.82和3.92升·分钟⁻¹；心率分别为93、175、181、185、189和194次·分钟⁻¹；每分通气量分别为31、99、120、129、145和156升·分钟⁻¹；血乳酸分别为2.9、5.6、7.2、9.2、10.6和13.5毫摩尔）。在6名受试者（速滑运动员）中，计时赛期间观察到的心率（188±6对191±5次·分钟⁻¹）和血乳酸（16.4±3.1对17.0±4.2毫摩尔）峰值与现实世界比赛期间观察到的峰值无显著差异。（摘要截选至250字）
