Amsel A
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin 78712.
Hippocampus. 1993 Jul;3(3):251-6. doi: 10.1002/hipo.450030302.
The most prominent hypothesis of hippocampal function likens the hippocampus to a "cognitive map," a term used by a famous learning theorist, E. C. Tolman, to explain maze learning. The usual application of this concept of cognitive map, as it applies to the hippocampus, is to what is called spatial learning, mainly in the radial-arm maze of Olton and the Morris water maze. In a recent Hippocampus Forum, evidence for the cognitive map hypothesis was reviewed in a lead article by Nadel, followed by a series of commentaries by leading investigators of hippocampal function. This speculative commentary offers an alternative not represented in the forum--that the function of the hippocampus in spatial learning is not as a cognitive map, but that it subserves another function proposed by Tolman in his work on simple discrimination learning, vicarious trial and error, based on incipient, conflicting dispositions to approach and avoid.
关于海马体功能最著名的假说是将海马体比作“认知地图”，这一术语由著名学习理论家E.C.托尔曼提出，用于解释迷宫学习。认知地图这一概念在应用于海马体时，通常涉及所谓的空间学习，主要是在奥尔顿的放射状臂迷宫和莫里斯水迷宫中。在最近的一次海马体论坛上，一篇由纳德尔撰写的头条文章回顾了支持认知地图假说的证据，随后是一系列海马体功能领域顶尖研究者的评论。这篇推测性评论提出了论坛中未提及的另一种观点——海马体在空间学习中的功能并非作为认知地图，而是服务于托尔曼在其关于简单辨别学习、替代性试错的研究中提出的另一功能，该功能基于接近和回避的初始冲突倾向。
