el-Maghraby O M, Abdel-Sater M A
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Egypt.
Zentralbl Mikrobiol. 1993 Jun;148(4):253-64.
Forty-two species and 4 varieties belonging to 21 genera were collected from 40 tobacco samples on glucose- and cellulose-Czapek's agar at 28 degrees C and 45 degrees C. The most common mesophiles (at 28 degrees C) in tobacco on the two types of media were: Aspergillus flavus, A. flavus var. columnaris, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. funiculosum. Two samples were heavily contaminated with members of Fusarium (F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani). Some fungi were encountered only on plates of cellulose agar as Chaetomium globosum, Stachybotrys atra var. microspora and S. chartarum. At 45 degrees C the most prevalent fungus was A. fumigatus. Truely thermophiles were also collected: Humicola grisea var. thermoidae, Rhizomucor pusillus and Thermoascus aurantiacus. Based on biological assays (brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina L.) and Bacillus megatherium test) and chemical analysis of chloroform extraction of tobacco (TLC and UV spectrophotometric), four samples (out of 40) had toxicity and four compounds of mycotoxins were detected namely; aflatoxins B1 & B2 (2 samples; 15.5 and 20.7 micrograms/kg), zearalenone (1 sample, 5.5 micrograms) and T-2 toxin (1 sample, 2.8 micrograms). For studying the tracing of aflatoxins in smoking cigarettes, three doses (10, 20 and 50 micrograms) of aflatoxins B1 and B2 (w/w, 1:1) were injected each in ten cigarettes. All extracts of cigarettes smoke proved to be non-toxic and mycotoxins not detected. However, aflatoxins were detected in topping filter (2.8, 3.5 and 8.8 micrograms/the three doses, respectively).
在28摄氏度和45摄氏度条件下，从40个烟草样品中，在葡萄糖和纤维素察氏琼脂培养基上分离出了属于21个属的42个种和4个变种。在这两种培养基上，烟草中最常见的嗜温菌（28摄氏度）有：黄曲霉、柱状黄曲霉变种、烟曲霉、黑曲霉、产黄青霉和绳状青霉。有两个样品被镰刀菌属（串珠镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌）严重污染。一些真菌仅在纤维素琼脂平板上出现，如球毛壳菌、小孢葡萄穗霉变种和炭疽葡萄穗霉。在45摄氏度时，最常见的真菌是烟曲霉。还分离出了真正的嗜热菌：嗜热栖热放线菌变种、微小根毛霉和橙色嗜热子囊菌。基于生物测定（卤虫幼虫（卤虫）和巨大芽孢杆菌试验）以及烟草氯仿提取物的化学分析（薄层色谱法和紫外分光光度法），40个样品中有4个具有毒性，检测到了4种霉菌毒素化合物，即：黄曲霉毒素B1和B2（2个样品；15.5和20.7微克/千克）、玉米赤霉烯酮（1个样品，5.5微克）和T - 2毒素（1个样品，2.8微克）。为研究香烟中黄曲霉毒素的追踪情况，分别向10支香烟中注射了三剂量（10、20和50微克）的黄曲霉毒素B1和B2（重量比，1:1）。所有香烟烟雾提取物均无毒，未检测到霉菌毒素。然而，在过滤嘴中检测到了黄曲霉毒素（三种剂量分别为2.8、3.5和8.8微克）。
