Rudenko L G, Slepushkin A N, Monto A S, Kendal A P, Grigorieva E P, Burtseva E P, Rekstin A R, Beljaev A L, Bragina V E, Cox N
Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), St. Petersburg.
J Infect Dis. 1993 Oct;168(4):881-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/168.4.881.
Children aged 7-14 years in Novgorod, Russia, were given Russian live cold-adapted or inactivated influenza vaccines or placebo over a 2-year period. Schools were randomly assigned as a whole to one of the preparations. In the first year, the vaccines were bivalent, containing types A (H3N2) and A (H1N1) components. In the second year, the vaccines also contained a type B component. In the first year, all viruses isolated were type A (H3N2); in the second, about three-quarters of the isolates were type B and the rest type A (H1N1). During both years, the vaccines protected the vaccinated children. Where significant differences existed, the live attenuated vaccine was more protective than the inactivated. Vaccination rates in schools in which live attenuated vaccines had been used were inversely related to illness rates of staff and unvaccinated children, suggesting that viral transmission had been reduced by the vaccine.
在为期两年的时间里，俄罗斯诺夫哥罗德7至14岁的儿童被接种俄罗斯生产的减毒活流感疫苗、灭活流感疫苗或安慰剂。学校被作为一个整体随机分配到其中一种制剂组。第一年，疫苗为二价，包含A（H3N2）型和A（H1N1）型成分。第二年，疫苗还包含B型成分。第一年，所有分离出的病毒均为A（H3N2）型；第二年，约四分之三的分离株为B型，其余为A（H1N1）型。在这两年中，疫苗均对接种儿童起到了保护作用。在存在显著差异的情况下，减毒活疫苗比灭活疫苗的保护作用更强。使用减毒活疫苗的学校的接种率与工作人员及未接种儿童的发病率呈负相关，这表明该疫苗减少了病毒传播。
