Lewis C A
Department of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
J Psychol. 1993 May;127(3):335-43. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1993.9915568.
I examined the relation of oral optimistic and oral pessimistic personality traits to depressive symptoms to assess the psychoanalytic claim that fixation at the early phase of the oral stage of psychosexual development is related to depression. College students (N = 140) were administered the Oral Optimism Questionnaire (OOQ; Kline, 1978) and Oral Pessimism Questionnaire (OPQ; Kline, 1978) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelsohn, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961). Oral pessimism and levels of depressive symptoms were positively correlated, and a subsample of subjects with clinical levels of depressive symptoms also scored significantly higher on the Oral Pessimism Questionnaire than the rest of the sample. For the whole sample, 10 BDI items correlated significantly with the OPQ scores, and 5 OPQ items correlated significantly with the total BDI scores. The psychoanalytic claim relating fixation at the oral pessimism stage to depressive symptoms was supported.
我研究了口腔期乐观和口腔期悲观人格特质与抑郁症状之间的关系，以评估精神分析学的观点，即性心理发展口腔期早期的固着与抑郁症有关。对140名大学生施测了口腔期乐观问卷（OOQ；克莱因，1978）、口腔期悲观问卷（OPQ；克莱因，1978）和贝克抑郁量表（BDI；贝克、沃德、门德尔松、莫克和厄尔鲍，1961）。口腔期悲观与抑郁症状水平呈正相关，且抑郁症状达到临床水平的受试者子样本在口腔期悲观问卷上的得分也显著高于样本中的其他受试者。对于整个样本，BDI的10个项目与OPQ得分显著相关，OPQ的5个项目与BDI总分显著相关。精神分析学中关于口腔期悲观阶段固着与抑郁症状相关的观点得到了支持。
