Vallerand A L
Defence & Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Environmental Physiology Section, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1993 Feb;17 Suppl 1:S53-6.
This paper reviews the use of ephedrine (E) and xanthines (X) to improve thermogenesis and cold tolerance. Recent experiments in cold-exposed subjects have shown that the beneficial effects of ingesting an E/caffeine (C) capsule on metabolic rate (M), heat debt, deep body core temperature (Tre) (P < 0.05) is entirely comparable to that observed with an E/C/theophylline (T) capsule. Although T has been reported to reduce the drop in Tre in several studies, these improvements are difficult to explain in the absence of changes in M. A theobromine-based commercial sports bar (Cold Buster) has been similarly shown to reduce the drop in Tre. However, such a claim could not be confirmed in our lab, even in two studies performed under different environmental conditions. Despite an increase in M in some studies, C had no effect on Tre in the cold. It is concluded that E/X represent, at the moment, the best pharmacological agents to enhance cold thermogenesis and to delay the onset of hypothermia in humans.
本文综述了麻黄碱（E）和黄嘌呤（X）在改善产热和耐寒性方面的应用。近期对暴露于寒冷环境中的受试者进行的实验表明，摄入E/咖啡因（C）胶囊对代谢率（M）、热债、深部体核温度（Tre）的有益影响（P < 0.05）与摄入E/C/茶碱（T）胶囊所观察到的效果完全相当。尽管在多项研究中已报道T可减少Tre的下降，但在M无变化的情况下，这些改善难以解释。一种基于可可碱的商业运动棒（Cold Buster）同样被证明可减少Tre的下降。然而，即使在不同环境条件下进行的两项研究中，这种说法在我们实验室也无法得到证实。尽管在一些研究中M有所增加，但C在寒冷环境中对Tre没有影响。结论是，目前E/X是增强人体冷产热和延缓体温过低发作的最佳药理学药物。
