Chiappino G, Todaro A, Blanchard O
Centro di Studio e Ricerca sugli Effetti Biologici delle Polveri Inalate, Università di Milano.
Med Lav. 1993 May-Jun;84(3):187-92.
To complete our previous study which evaluated by TEM the atmospheric concentrations of asbestos in the urban areas of Milan, Casale Monferrato, Brescia, Ancona, Bologna and Florence, the concentrations measured in Rome, Orbassano and in two mountain test locations, one with serpentine rock (Valle di Susa) and the other with granitic rock (Adamello), are now reported. Compared with the towns in northern Italy, which had already shown decreasing pollution levels from Casale Monferrato to Milan, Brescia, Ancona, Bologna and Florence, the levels measured in Rome were extremely low, about ten times lower than those measured in Florence, which were in turn ten times lower than those measured in Milan. In Orbassano the levels near serpentine quarries were slightly higher than the geologic background values. The geologic background level in Valle di Susa was approximately 1 fibre/litre (> 5 microns) and 2.5 fibres/litre (total fibres); asbestos fibres were totally absent in the mountain area with granitic rock. The clearly decreasing values of pollution starting from the northern cities down to Rome lead to the exclusion of motor vehicle traffic as one of the "primary" sources of fibre dispersion. In fact, traffic becomes significant in producing pollution only in the presence of other dispersion sources since it gives rise to "secondary" pollution consisting of ultra-thin fibres through grinding of coarse fibres dispersed from other sources and sedimented on the ground. The authors attribute the main responsibility in maintaining comparatively high concentrations of asbestos fibres in the urban areas of northern Italy to weathered asbestos-cement coverings which act as "primary" sources.
为完善我们之前的研究（该研究通过透射电子显微镜评估了米兰、卡萨莱蒙费拉托、布雷西亚、安科纳、博洛尼亚和佛罗伦萨市区大气中的石棉浓度），现报告在罗马、奥尔巴萨诺以及两个山区测试地点（一个地点有蛇纹岩，即苏萨山谷；另一个地点有花岗岩，即阿达梅洛）所测得的浓度。与意大利北部的城镇相比（从卡萨莱蒙费拉托到米兰、布雷西亚、安科纳、博洛尼亚和佛罗伦萨，污染水平已呈下降趋势），罗马测得的水平极低，约比佛罗伦萨测得的水平低十倍，而佛罗伦萨测得的水平又比米兰测得的水平低十倍。在奥尔巴萨诺，靠近蛇纹石采石场的水平略高于地质背景值。苏萨山谷的地质背景水平约为每升1根纤维（大于5微米）和每升2.5根纤维（总纤维）；在有花岗岩的山区完全没有石棉纤维。从北部城市到罗马污染值明显下降，这使得机动车交通被排除在纤维扩散的“主要”来源之外。事实上，只有在存在其他扩散源的情况下，交通才会成为产生污染的重要因素，因为它会通过研磨从其他来源扩散并沉积在地面上的粗纤维而产生由超细纤维组成的“二次”污染。作者将意大利北部城市地区石棉纤维浓度相对较高的主要责任归咎于作为“主要”来源的风化石棉水泥覆盖物。
