Marconi A, Cecchetti G, Barbieri M
Laboratory of Indoor Hygiene, Higher Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
IARC Sci Publ. 1989(90):336-46.
Ambient air concentrations of asbestos and total mineral fibres were measured during the period June-July 1985 at several locations near a large asbestos-cement factory located in the proximity of a northern Italian town. Measurements of the number and type of fibres were made by means of analytical scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXA), essentially according to the RTM2 reference method of the Asbestos International Association. Total mineral fibre concentrations (longer than 5 microns) ranged from below detection limit (D.L., i.e. 0.4 fibres per litre (f/1] to 227 f/1 (single value); mean values ranged from 1.3 to 74.0 f/1. However, elemental microanalysis (EDXA) showed that about 65% of fibres were sulfate fibres, 20% were aluminium silicates or other silicates, and only 15% were asbestos fibres (mainly chrysotile and tremolite-group amphiboles). Asbestos concentrations (fibres more than 5 microns in length) were in the range of less than D.L. to 19.1 f/1, mean values ranging from less than D.L. to 11.1 f/1. The results obtained showed large differences in day-to-day concentrations, suggesting that they were affected by the rate of production in the plant and by weather conditions. In particular, wind direction and distance from the source appeared to be of major importance since the highest asbestos fibre concentrations were mostly found at points closer to the source and downwind. When the distance from the source was increased, other local factors appeared to be determining. In addition, the large proportion of non-asbestos mineral fibres and elongated sulfate (or sulfur-containing) particles clearly indicates major contributions from other sources, such as local pollution and natural soil erosion.
1985年6月至7月期间，在意大利北部一座城镇附近的一家大型石棉水泥工厂周边的多个地点，对环境空气中的石棉和总矿物纤维浓度进行了测量。纤维数量和类型的测量采用分析扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线分析（SEM - EDXA）方法，基本按照石棉国际协会的RTM2参考方法进行。总矿物纤维浓度（长度超过5微米）范围从低于检测限（即0.4纤维/升（f/1））到227 f/1（单个值）；平均值范围为1.3至74.0 f/1。然而，元素微量分析（EDXA）表明，约65%的纤维是硫酸盐纤维，20%是铝硅酸盐或其他硅酸盐，只有15%是石棉纤维（主要是温石棉和透闪石族闪石）。石棉浓度（长度超过5微米的纤维）范围为低于检测限至19.1 f/1，平均值范围为低于检测限至11.1 f/1。所获得的结果显示，每日浓度存在很大差异，表明它们受工厂生产速率和天气条件的影响。特别是，风向和与源头的距离似乎至关重要，因为最高的石棉纤维浓度大多出现在离源头较近且顺风的点。当与源头的距离增加时，其他当地因素似乎起决定性作用。此外，非石棉矿物纤维和细长的硫酸盐（或含硫）颗粒的比例很大，这清楚地表明还有其他来源的主要贡献，如当地污染和自然土壤侵蚀。
