Lunardi M, Galetta F, Volterrani C, Giaconi A, Azzarelli A, Bernardi D, Giusti C
U.O. Cardiologia U.S.L. n. 5 Media Valle del Serchio, Ospedale S. Francesco, Barga (LU).
G Ital Cardiol. 1993 Jul;23(7):673-7.
A decrease in adaptation to exertion has been observed as age progresses. Although this decline may also be affected by factors such as health conditions and age, physical inactivity related to sedentary behaviour plays a dominant role.
In order to evaluate the influence of physical activity on cardiovascular response to exertion in the elderly, 4 groups of 22 subjects each were submitted to maximal electrocardiographic exercise test on a cycloergometer (multistage program with 30 Watts x 3 min. steps). All subjects were male. The composition of the groups was as follows: 1) veteran long distance runners (mean age: 71 +/- 5.4); 2) sedentary veterans (mean age: 69.8 +/- 3.9); 3) young long distance runners (mean age: 25.4 +/- 4.3); 4) sedentary young adults (mean age: 25.8 +/- 3.9). The endurance athletes, well fitted to competition, had been practicing sport activity for at least 3 years.
Heart rate, arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded; mean blood pressure and double product were calculated at baseline and at the climax of the stress test; furthermore, total and maximal watts were recorded. For each of the parameters, Student's t test for non-paired observations were used to evaluate statistical differences amongst the four groups. The most interesting result arises in the comparison between veteran long distance runners and sedentary young adults: between the two groups no statistically significant differences in workload, expressed as total watts (1649.55 +/- 296.32 vs 1650.00 +/- 446.32; p = NS) and maximal watts (175.91 +/- 19.19 vs 173.18 +/- 24.38; p = N.S.), were observed. On the contrary, highly significant differences in both total (p < 0.01) and maximal (p < 0.01) watts were noticed by comparing long distance runners and sedentary subjects of the same age.
These data support the hypothesis that the progressive reduction in physical activity, which is usually observed in aging, is the major determinant of exercise deconditioning in the elderly.
随着年龄增长，人们对运动的适应能力会下降。尽管这种下降也可能受到健康状况和年龄等因素的影响，但与久坐行为相关的身体活动不足起着主导作用。
为了评估体育活动对老年人运动时心血管反应的影响，将4组受试者，每组22人，在自行车测力计上进行最大运动心电图测试（30瓦×3分钟阶段的多级程序）。所有受试者均为男性。分组情况如下：1）资深长跑运动员（平均年龄：71±5.4岁）；2）久坐的退伍军人（平均年龄：69.8±3.9岁）；3）年轻长跑运动员（平均年龄：25.4±4.3岁）；4）久坐的年轻人（平均年龄：25.8±3.9岁）。这些耐力运动员非常适合参加比赛，且已进行体育活动至少3年。
记录心率、动脉收缩压和舒张压；在压力测试的基线和高潮时计算平均血压和双乘积；此外，记录总功率和最大功率。对于每个参数，使用非配对观察的学生t检验来评估四组之间的统计差异。最有趣的结果出现在资深长跑运动员和久坐的年轻人之间的比较中：两组之间在工作量方面没有统计学显著差异，以总功率表示（1649.55±296.32 vs 1650.00±446.32；p =无显著性差异）和最大功率（175.91±19.19 vs 173.18±24.38；p =无显著性差异）。相反，通过比较同年龄的长跑运动员和久坐受试者，发现总功率（p < 0.01）和最大功率（p < 0.01）均存在高度显著差异。
这些数据支持这样的假设，即在衰老过程中通常观察到的身体活动逐渐减少是老年人运动能力下降的主要决定因素。
