Gillman M W, Ellison R C
Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1993 Feb;40(1):179-94. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38489-9.
Childhood prevention of essential hypertension requires knowledge of alterable determinants of blood pressure in children; these include obesity and sodium intake and perhaps physical activity and intake of potassium and calcium. Altering these determinants may involve two general preventive strategies. The first is a population strategy, which attempts to lower blood pressure (or keep it from rising) among all children. Population strategies may require educating children to active participants in changing their behaviors (active approach) or may merely change their environment (passive approach). The second general strategy aims to focus on children at high risk of developing hypertension as adults. To determine the usefulness of this high-risk strategy, more information is needed about prediction of adult blood pressure from childhood values and about the efficacy of interventions to control blood pressure levels in high-risk children.
儿童原发性高血压的预防需要了解儿童血压的可改变决定因素；这些因素包括肥胖、钠摄入量，或许还有身体活动以及钾和钙的摄入量。改变这些决定因素可能涉及两种一般预防策略。第一种是人群策略，该策略试图降低所有儿童的血压（或防止血压升高）。人群策略可能需要教育儿童积极参与改变自身行为（主动方法），或者可能仅仅改变他们的环境（被动方法）。第二种一般策略旨在关注成年后患高血压风险较高的儿童。为了确定这种高风险策略的有效性，需要更多关于根据儿童时期的值预测成人血压以及关于控制高风险儿童血压水平干预措施有效性的信息。
