Mahoney F J, Woodruff B A, Erben J J, Coleman P J, Reid E C, Schatz G C, Kane M A
Epidemiology Section, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
J Infect Dis. 1993 Jan;167(1):203-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.1.203.
In April 1991, surveys for serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were conducted among 3- to 4-year-old children born after a hepatitis B immunization program of newborns began and among 6- to 11-year-old children targeted for early childhood vaccination in American Samoa. Compared with 3- to 4-year-olds tested in 1991, children tested at baseline in 1985 were more likely to have been infected with HBV (5/40 vs. 2/93; prevalence ratio [PR] = 5.8, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 1.2, 28.7) and to have chronic infection with HBV (3/40 vs. 0/95; PR = undefined, lower CL = 1.2). Compared with 6- to 11-year-olds tested in 1991, children in 1985 were more likely to have been infected with HBV (32/121 vs. 53/386; PR = 1.9, CL = 1.3, 2.8) and to have chronic infection with HBV (8/121 vs. 7/386; PR = 3.6, CL = 1.3, 9.8). The incorporation of hepatitis B vaccine into routine childhood vaccination schedules can prevent acute and chronic HBV infection in areas of high endemicity.
1991年4月，对美属萨摩亚实施新生儿乙肝免疫计划后出生的3至4岁儿童以及针对幼儿期疫苗接种的6至11岁儿童进行了乙肝病毒（HBV）感染血清学证据调查。与1991年检测的3至4岁儿童相比，1985年基线检测的儿童感染HBV的可能性更高（5/40 vs. 2/93；患病率比[PR]=5.8，95%置信区间[CL]=1.2，28.7），且HBV慢性感染的可能性更高（3/40 vs. 0/95；PR=未定义，下限CL=1.2）。与1991年检测的6至11岁儿童相比，1985年的儿童感染HBV的可能性更高（32/121 vs. 53/386；PR=1.9，CL=1.3，2.8），且HBV慢性感染的可能性更高（8/121 vs. 7/386；PR=3.6，CL=1.3，9.8）。将乙肝疫苗纳入常规儿童疫苗接种计划可预防高流行地区的急性和慢性HBV感染。
