Junqua J C
Speech Technology Laboratory, Division of Panasonic Technologies, Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93105.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1993 Jan;93(1):510-24. doi: 10.1121/1.405631.
Automatic speech recognition experiments show that, depending on the task performed and how speech variability is modeled, automatic speech recognizers are more or less sensitive to the Lombard reflex. To gain an understanding about the Lombard effect with the prospect of improving performance of automatic speech recognizers, (1) an analysis was made of the acoustic-phonetic changes occurring in Lombard speech, and (2) the influence of the Lombard effect on speech perception was studied. Both acoustic and perceptual analyses suggest that the influence of the Lombard effect on male and female speakers is different. The analyses also bring to light that, even if some tendencies across speakers can be observed consistently, the Lombard reflex is highly variable from speaker to speaker. Based on the results of the acoustic and perceptual studies, some ways of dealing with Lombard speech variability in automatic speech recognition are also discussed.
自动语音识别实验表明，根据执行的任务以及语音变异性的建模方式，自动语音识别器对伦巴德反射的敏感度或多或少会有所不同。为了在有望提高自动语音识别器性能的情况下了解伦巴德效应，（1）对伦巴德语音中发生的声学语音变化进行了分析，并且（2）研究了伦巴德效应对语音感知的影响。声学分析和感知分析均表明，伦巴德效应在男性和女性说话者身上的影响是不同的。分析还揭示出，即使可以一致地观察到不同说话者之间的一些趋势，但伦巴德反射在不同说话者之间的差异很大。基于声学和感知研究的结果，还讨论了在自动语音识别中处理伦巴德语音变异性的一些方法。
