Atkinson G, Coldwells A, Reilly T, Waterhouse J
Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Ergonomics. 1993 Jan-Mar;36(1-3):273-81. doi: 10.1080/00140139308967882.
This study compared circadian rhythms in physiological, subjective, and performance measures between groups exhibiting different levels of habitual physical activity. Fourteen male subjects, aged 19-29 years, were assigned to a physically active (group I, n = 7) or a physically inactive (group II, n = 7) group on the basis of leisure-time physical activity. Rectal temperature, oral temperature, resting pulse rate, subjective arousal and sleepiness were measured at 02:00, 06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 in a counter-balanced sequence for each subject. Whole-body flexibility, back and leg strength, grip strength (right and left), flight time in a vertical jump, PWC150, and self-chosen work-rate were also recorded at each time point. At least 8h separated each test session. Subjects avoided exercise 48h prior to, and during the experiment. Data were subjected to the group cosinor method. Group I evidenced 1.5-2.5 times greater rhythm amplitudes than Group II for oral temperature, subjective arousal, sleepiness, flexibility, left and right grip strength, submaximal heart rate, and self-chosen work-rate (p < 0.05). Oral temperature and arousal for Group I were lower than Group II only at 06:00. Early morning troughs in most of the performance measures were significantly greater for Group I (p < 0.05). The groups did not differ with respect to phasing of the rhythms (p < 0.05). These results confirm with physical performance measures that rhythm amplitudes are higher for physically fit subjects. This could be attributed to greater early-morning troughs in the measures for active individuals. Since the subjects were sedentary immediately prior to testing, it is plausible that these findings are training effects of physical activity.
本研究比较了具有不同水平习惯性身体活动的各组之间生理、主观和表现指标的昼夜节律。根据休闲时间的身体活动情况，将14名年龄在19至29岁之间的男性受试者分为身体活跃组（第一组，n = 7）和身体不活跃组（第二组，n = 7）。对每位受试者按照平衡序列在02:00、06:00、10:00、14:00、18:00和22:00测量直肠温度、口腔温度、静息脉搏率、主观觉醒和嗜睡情况。在每个时间点还记录全身柔韧性、背部和腿部力量、握力（右手和左手）、垂直跳跃飞行时间、PWC150以及自我选择的工作率。每次测试之间至少间隔8小时。受试者在实验前48小时及实验期间避免运动。数据采用组余弦法进行分析。在口腔温度、主观觉醒、嗜睡、柔韧性、左右握力、次最大心率和自我选择的工作率方面，第一组的节律幅度比第二组大1.5至2.5倍（p < 0.05）。仅在06:00时，第一组的口腔温度和觉醒程度低于第二组。在大多数表现指标中，第一组的清晨低谷明显更大（p < 0.05）。两组在节律的相位方面没有差异（p < 0.05）。这些结果通过身体表现指标证实，身体健康的受试者节律幅度更高。这可能归因于活跃个体在这些指标上有更大的清晨低谷。由于受试者在测试前处于久坐状态，这些发现很可能是身体活动的训练效果。
