Atkinson G, Buckley P, Edwards B, Reilly T, Waterhouse J
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
Int J Sports Med. 2001 Apr;22(3):232-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-16387.
Athletes ingest melatonin in an attempt to improve sleep quality or alleviate symptoms of jet lag after transmeridian travel. It is not known whether there are residual effects of this hormone on physical performance in fit subjects. After a sample size estimation involving a meaningful effect on performance of 5%, five milligrams of melatonin or placebo were ingested by twelve physically-active subjects before sleep in a double-blind experiment. The following morning, subjective sleep quality (latency and maintenance) were measured together with intra-aural temperature, grip strength of the left and right hands, and time to complete a 4 km time trial on a cycle ergometer. The subjects also rated perceived exertion during the latter test. The null hypothesis of no effect of melatonin on either subjective sleep quality or physical performance measured the morning after administration could not be rejected on the basis of our observations (P > 0.30). The mean differences between treatments were less than 1% for the strength tests and time trial performance. The confidence intervals for these differences for left and right grip strength and the cycling test were - 2.1 to 2.8 kg, - 3.1 to 2.7 kg and -3.0 to 4.5 s, respectively. In conclusion, it is unlikely that 5 mg of melatonin would have any meaningful effects on physical performance in the morning after fit subjects ingest the hormone. There was also little evidence that it improves sleep quality in this population. Further research is needed concerning the effects of daytime and nighttime admistration of melatonin on performance, in both situations of normal and disturbed sleep.
运动员摄入褪黑素，试图改善睡眠质量或缓解跨子午线旅行后的时差症状。目前尚不清楚这种激素对健康受试者的身体表现是否有残留影响。在进行了一项涉及对表现有5%显著影响的样本量估计后，12名体育锻炼活跃的受试者在双盲实验中于睡前摄入5毫克褪黑素或安慰剂。第二天早上，测量主观睡眠质量（入睡潜伏期和睡眠维持情况），同时测量耳内温度、左右手握力，以及在自行车测力计上完成4公里计时赛的时间。受试者还对后一项测试中的主观用力程度进行了评分。基于我们的观察结果，无法拒绝褪黑素对给药后第二天早上测量的主观睡眠质量或身体表现没有影响的零假设（P>0.30）。力量测试和计时赛表现方面，治疗组之间的平均差异小于1%。左右手握力和自行车测试的这些差异的置信区间分别为-2.1至2.8千克、-3.1至2.7千克和-3.0至4.5秒。总之，健康受试者摄入5毫克褪黑素后，不太可能对第二天早上的身体表现产生任何显著影响。也几乎没有证据表明它能改善该人群的睡眠质量。关于白天和夜间服用褪黑素对正常睡眠和睡眠紊乱情况下的表现的影响，还需要进一步研究。
