Bissonette R
Community Ment Health J. 1977 Spring;13(1):92-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01419922.
Efforts to expand mental health manpower have taken three major directions: (1) increased use of consultation, (2) creating entirely new roles, and (3) offering training to persons engaged in roles or occupations presumably at strategic points of contact between the public and the mental health system. Among such roles are clergy, police, hairdressers, and bartenders. Little effort has been made to analyze systematically this third approach to assess its true utility for mental health service. In this paper the role of the bartender is analyzed along four dimensions: personality component, functional centrality, role distance, and nonperson status. Functional centrality appears as a clear asset. Role distance and nonperson status have mixed value depending on the activity envisioned. These role attributed will be generally incompatible with relationships requiring sustained intimacy but could facilitate initial opening up and revelation of sensitive personal information. The lack of protracted professional socialization poses some risk with respect to obtrussion of personal idiosyncracies.
（1）增加咨询服务的使用；（2）创造全新的角色；（3）为那些从事被认为处于公众与精神卫生系统接触战略点的角色或职业的人员提供培训。这些角色包括神职人员、警察、美发师和酒保。很少有人致力于系统分析这第三种方法，以评估其对精神卫生服务的实际效用。本文从四个维度分析了酒保的角色：个性成分、功能核心性、角色距离和非人格地位。功能核心性显然是一项优势。角色距离和非人格地位的价值好坏参半，这取决于所设想的活动。这些角色属性通常与需要持续亲密关系的互动不相容，但可能有助于初步打开心扉并透露敏感的个人信息。缺乏长期的专业社会化过程，在个人特质的侵扰方面存在一些风险。
