Fergusson D M, Horwood L J, Lynskey M T
Christchurch Health and Development Study, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1993 Feb;34(2):215-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00980.x.
While a number of studies have reported associations between lead levels and cognitive development and behaviour in cross-sectionally studied child samples, there have been relatively few studies of the long term effects of early lead exposure. This issue was studied in a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand children who were assessed with respect to: (a) dentine lead levels at ages 6-8 years; (b) cognitive and behavioural outcomes at 12, 13 years; (c) various confounding factors. The results of the analysis show: (a) the presence of small but consistent bivariate associations (ranging in absolute size from r = .08 to .20) between early lead levels and later school performance and behaviour; (b) after adjustment for both errors of measurement in test scores and lead levels and adjustment for confounding factors these correlations reduced to between .07 and .14. Nonetheless these correlations remained statistically significant. The evidence is consistent with the view that early mildly elevated lead levels are associated with small but relatively long term deficits in cognitive ability and attentional behaviours.
虽然一些研究报告了在横断面研究的儿童样本中铅水平与认知发展及行为之间的关联，但关于早期铅暴露长期影响的研究相对较少。在一个由1265名新西兰儿童组成的出生队列中对这个问题进行了研究，这些儿童在以下方面接受了评估：(a) 6至8岁时的牙质铅水平；(b) 12、13岁时的认知和行为结果；(c) 各种混杂因素。分析结果显示：(a) 早期铅水平与后期学业成绩和行为之间存在小但一致的双变量关联（绝对大小范围从r = 0.08至0.20）；(b) 在对测试分数和铅水平的测量误差以及混杂因素进行调整后，这些相关性降至0.07至0.14之间。尽管如此，这些相关性仍具有统计学意义。证据与以下观点一致，即早期轻度升高的铅水平与认知能力和注意力行为方面小但相对长期的缺陷有关。
