Ghittori S, Fiorentino M L, Maestri L, Cordioli G, Imbriani M
Fondazione Clinica del Lavoro, IRCCS, Medical Centre of Pavia, Italy.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Mar;38(3):233-43. doi: 10.1080/15287399309531715.
Benzene concentrations in urine samples (Cu, ng/L) from 110 workers exposed to benzene in chemical plants and gasoline pumps were determined by injecting urine supernate into a gas chromatograph. The urine was saturated with anhydrous N2SO4 to facilitate the passage of benzene in the air over the urine. The solvent was stripped from the urine surface and concentrated on an adsorbent substrate (Carbotrap tube) by means of a suction pump (flow rate 150 ml/m). Wash-up of the head space was achieved by simultaneous intake of filtered air through charcoal. Benzene was thermically desorbed and injected in a column (thermal tube disorder, Supelco; 370 degrees C thermal flash; borosilicate capillary glass column SPB-1, 60 m length, 0.75 mm ID, 1 microns film thickness; GC Dani 8580-FID). Benzene concentrations in the urine from 40 non-exposed subjects (20 smokers > 20 cigarette/d and 20 nonsmokers) were also determined [median value of 790 ng/L (10.17 nmol/L) and 131 ng/L (1.70 nmol/L), respectively]. The 8-h time-weighted exposure intensity (Cl, micrograms/m3) of individual workers was monitored by means of charcoal tubes. The median value for exposure to benzene was 736 micrograms/m3 (9.42 mumol/m3) [geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 2.99; range 64 micrograms/m3 (0.82 mumol/m3) to 13,387 micrograms/m3) (171.30 mumol/m3)]. The following linear correlation was found between benzene concentrations in urine (Cu, ng/L) and benzene concentrations in the breathing zone (Cl, micrograms/m3): log(Cu) = 0.645 x log(Cl) + 1.399 r = .559, n = 110, p < .0001 With exclusion of workers who smoked from the study, the correlation between air benzene concentration and benzene measured in urine was: log(Cu) = 0.872 x log(Cl) + 0.6 r = .763, n = 63, p < .0001 The study results indicate that the urinary level of benzene is an indicator of occupational exposure to benzene.
通过将尿液上清液注入气相色谱仪，测定了110名在化工厂和加油站接触苯的工人尿液样本中的苯浓度（Cu，ng/L）。尿液用无水硫酸铵饱和，以利于苯在尿液上方空气中通过。通过抽吸泵（流速150 ml/m）从尿液表面除去溶剂，并将其浓缩在吸附底物（Carbotrap管）上。通过同时通过活性炭吸入过滤空气来实现顶空的冲洗。苯进行热解吸并注入色谱柱（热解吸管，Supelco；370℃热闪蒸；硼硅酸盐毛细管玻璃柱SPB-1，长度60 m，内径0.75 mm，膜厚1微米；GC Dani 8580-FID）。还测定了40名未接触者（20名每天吸烟超过20支的吸烟者和20名不吸烟者）尿液中的苯浓度[中位数分别为790 ng/L（10.17 nmol/L）和131 ng/L（1.70 nmol/L）]。通过活性炭管监测个体工人的8小时时间加权暴露强度（Cl，微克/立方米）。苯暴露的中位数为736微克/立方米（9.42微摩尔/立方米）[几何标准差（GSD）=2.99；范围为64微克/立方米（0.82微摩尔/立方米）至13,387微克/立方米（171.30微摩尔/立方米）]。在尿液中的苯浓度（Cu，ng/L）和呼吸区中的苯浓度（Cl，微克/立方米）之间发现了以下线性相关性：log（Cu）=0.645×log（Cl）+1.399，r = 0.559，n = 110，p <.0001。排除研究中吸烟的工人后，空气中苯浓度与尿液中苯浓度之间的相关性为：log（Cu）=0.872×log（Cl）+0.6，r = 0.763，n = 63，p <.0001。研究结果表明，尿液中苯的水平是职业性苯暴露的一个指标。
