Gould D, Eklund R C, Jackson S A
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Greensboro.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1993 Mar;64(1):83-93. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1993.10608782.
Extensive in-depth interviews were conducted with all 20 members of the 1988 U.S. Olympic Wrestling Team regarding their efforts to cope with stress experienced during the Seoul Olympics. Qualitative analyses revealed that the wrestlers employed a variety of coping strategies including: (a) thought control strategies (blocking distractions, perspective taking, positive thinking, coping thoughts, and prayer), (b) task focus strategies (narrow, more immediate focus, concentrating on goals), (c) behavioral based strategies (changing or controlling the environment, following a set routine), and (d) emotional control strategies (arousal control, visualization). In accordance with the observations of Compas (1987) and Folkman and Lazarus (1985), the coping efforts of the Olympic wrestlers were not limited to particular strategies nor to single approaches to dealing with a particular stressor but, rather, reflected a dynamic complex process involving a number of strategies, often in combination. The results also suggested that the degree to which coping strategies are well learned or automatized is related to their perceived effectiveness.
对1988年美国奥运摔跤队的所有20名队员进行了广泛深入的访谈，了解他们应对汉城奥运会期间所经历压力的努力。定性分析表明，摔跤运动员采用了多种应对策略，包括：(a) 思维控制策略（排除干扰、换位思考、积极思考、应对性思维和祈祷），(b) 任务聚焦策略（狭窄、更直接的聚焦，专注于目标），(c) 基于行为的策略（改变或控制环境、遵循固定程序），以及(d) 情绪控制策略（唤醒控制、想象）。根据康帕斯（1987年）以及福克曼和拉扎勒斯（1985年）的观察，奥运摔跤运动员的应对努力并不局限于特定策略，也不局限于应对特定压力源的单一方法，而是反映了一个动态复杂的过程，涉及多种策略，且常常相互结合。结果还表明，应对策略被熟练掌握或自动化的程度与其感知到的有效性有关。
