Rees Tim, Hardy Lew, Güllich Arne, Abernethy Bruce, Côté Jean, Woodman Tim, Montgomery Hugh, Laing Stewart, Warr Chelsea
Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Management, Bournemouth University, Dorset House, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK.
Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, George Building, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2PZ, UK.
Sports Med. 2016 Aug;46(8):1041-58. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0476-2.
The literature base regarding the development of sporting talent is extensive, and includes empirical articles, reviews, position papers, academic books, governing body documents, popular books, unpublished theses and anecdotal evidence, and contains numerous models of talent development. With such a varied body of work, the task for researchers, practitioners and policy makers of generating a clear understanding of what is known and what is thought to be true regarding the development of sporting talent is particularly challenging. Drawing on a wide array of expertise, we address this challenge by avoiding adherence to any specific model or area and by providing a reasoned review across three key overarching topics: (a) the performer; (b) the environment; and (c) practice and training. Within each topic sub-section, we review and calibrate evidence by performance level of the samples. We then conclude each sub-section with a brief summary, a rating of the quality of evidence, a recommendation for practice and suggestions for future research. These serve to highlight both our current level of understanding and our level of confidence in providing practice recommendations, but also point to a need for future studies that could offer evidence regarding the complex interactions that almost certainly exist across domains.
关于体育人才培养的文献资料极为丰富，涵盖实证文章、综述、立场文件、学术书籍、管理机构文件、通俗读物、未发表的论文以及轶事性证据，并且包含众多人才培养模式。面对如此多样的研究成果，研究人员、从业者和政策制定者要想清晰地了解体育人才培养方面已知的内容以及被认为正确的观点，任务极具挑战性。我们凭借广泛的专业知识来应对这一挑战，避免局限于任何特定模式或领域，而是对三个关键总体主题进行合理综述：（a）运动员；（b）环境；（c）练习与训练。在每个主题子部分中，我们根据样本的表现水平对证据进行审查和校准。然后，我们在每个子部分结尾给出简要总结、证据质量评级、实践建议以及未来研究建议。这些不仅凸显了我们当前的理解水平和提供实践建议的信心程度，同时也指出需要开展未来研究，以提供关于各领域之间几乎肯定存在的复杂相互作用的证据。
