Tatham T A, Wanchisen B A, Hineline P N
Temple University.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1993 Mar;59(2):349-59. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1993.59-349.
The effect that ratio schedules of reinforcement had upon variability of responding was investigated in college students. Subjects were paid $0.02 contingent upon completion of eight presses, distributed in any combination across two push buttons; 256 different sequences were possible. Sequence emission was reinforced according to fixed- and variable-ratio schedules. Ratio requirements of 1, 2, 4 and 8 were presented in alternate components of a multiple schedule. The variability engendered by variable-ratio schedules was also compared to that engendered by fixed ratios. Variability increased with ratio size, irrespective of whether the schedule requirement was fixed or variable. The data demonstrate the similarity between the determinants of human and nonhuman variability, and they illustrate the role of ratio size in determining variability in operant behavior.
研究了强化比率时间表对大学生反应变异性的影响。根据完成八次按键给予受试者0.02美元报酬，这八次按键可以以任何组合分布在两个按钮上；共有256种不同的顺序可能。根据固定比率和可变比率时间表强化顺序发出。在多重时间表的交替部分呈现1、2、4和8的比率要求。还将可变比率时间表产生的变异性与固定比率产生的变异性进行了比较。无论时间表要求是固定的还是可变的，变异性都随着比率大小的增加而增加。数据证明了人类和非人类变异性决定因素之间的相似性，并且说明了比率大小在决定操作性行为变异性中的作用。
