Jacobson J W, Ackerman L J
New York State Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Albany 12229-0001.
Res Dev Disabil. 1993 Jan-Feb;14(1):51-65. doi: 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90005-5.
Considerable controversy surrounds the continued use of restrictive behavioral procedures in the treatment of destructive behaviors, such as self-injury, aggression, and property damage, displayed by some people with mental retardation. This study reports on the extent that pharmacological and behavioral consequences occur in response to these behaviors within a population of 31,000 people in one state's developmental services system. Data on these individuals are analyzed to determine the degree to which intellectual level, residential setting type, type and extent of problem behaviors, and age are related to the prescriptive use of pharmacologic and behavioral consequences. These variables appear to bear a significant relationship on the extent to which consequences are applied as part of treatment. Furthermore, although pharmacologic and several behavior consequences are applied at similar rates, it was found that generally timeout, as a specific treatment procedure, was applied at rates considerably less than those for psychoactive medication in each population sub-group that was examined.
对于在治疗一些智力障碍者所表现出的破坏性行为（如自我伤害、攻击行为和财产破坏）时持续使用限制性行为程序，存在相当大的争议。本研究报告了在一个州的发展服务系统中31000人的群体里，针对这些行为出现的药物治疗和行为干预结果的程度。对这些个体的数据进行分析，以确定智力水平、居住环境类型、问题行为的类型和程度以及年龄与药物治疗和行为干预结果的规定性使用之间的关联程度。这些变量似乎与作为治疗一部分而应用干预结果的程度有着显著关系。此外，尽管药物治疗和几种行为干预的应用率相似，但研究发现，作为一种特定治疗程序的隔离，在每个被检查的人群子组中的应用率普遍远低于精神活性药物的应用率。
