Loring K E, Crandall C S, Kelen G D
School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Am J Emerg Med. 1993 Mar;11(2):143-8. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(93)90108-n.
The purpose of this report is to determine the influence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic on medical students' training and career plans through a prospective, anonymous self-administered survey of 10 Likert-scaled (1 strongly agree to 5 strongly disagree) responses to statements assessing attitude toward patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adequacy of knowledge and experience with HIV, and influence of HIV on career choices. The study was done at a major AIDS referral university teaching hospital. The participants were first- through fourth-year medical students in spring 1990. A 72% (of 451 students) response revealed that both surgery and emergency medicine were perceived as high risk of exposure specialties. Students indicated an overall willingness to care for HIV-positive patients (mean, 2.54) and a general adequacy of knowledge and experience (mean 2.54). The AIDS epidemic has had little influence for training, future career, and practice locations (mean, 4.06). Responses differed by class year. The later class years were more willing to care for HIV patients (P < .001) and indicated more knowledge and experience with HIV (P < .001). Influence on career, training and practice location choices were without class trend. In contrast to some studies, this group of medical students had relatively positive attitudes toward patients with HIV and were not particularly influenced by the AIDS epidemic regarding career choices.
本报告的目的是通过一项前瞻性、匿名的自我管理调查，确定获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）流行对医学生培训和职业规划的影响。该调查针对10条李克特量表（1表示强烈同意至5表示强烈不同意）的陈述，评估对感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）患者的态度、对HIV的知识和经验充足程度以及HIV对职业选择的影响。该研究在一家主要的艾滋病转诊大学教学医院进行。参与者为1990年春季的一至四年级医学生。451名学生中有72%做出了回应，结果显示外科和急诊医学都被视为高暴露风险专业。学生们表示总体上愿意照料HIV阳性患者（平均分为2.54），并且知识和经验总体充足（平均分为2.54）。艾滋病流行对培训、未来职业和执业地点影响不大（平均分为4.06）。不同年级的回应有所不同。高年级学生更愿意照料HIV患者（P < .001），并且表示对HIV有更多的知识和经验（P < .001）。对职业、培训和执业地点选择的影响没有年级趋势。与一些研究不同，这群医学生对HIV患者态度相对积极，在职业选择方面并未受到艾滋病流行的特别影响。
