Roelofs A
Nijmegen Institute for Cognition Research and Information Technology, University of Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Cognition. 1993 Apr;47(1):59-87. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90062-z.
Theories of lexical access in speaking differ in whether they assume that words are accessed in a conceptually decomposed or non-decomposed way. In this paper, two experiments are reported that test the non-decompositional theory and computer model proposed by Roelofs (1992a). Subjects had to name pictured actions using verbs and ignore distractor verbs superimposed on the pictures. According to the theory, semantic inhibition should be obtained from distractor cohyponym verbs that are the names of other pictures in the experiment. By contrast, semantic facilitation should be obtained from hyponyms of the target verbs. Both predictions were empirically confirmed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings support the proposed non-decompositional theory and computer model. Furthermore, they refute a recent attempt to deal with a class of retrieval problems within the decompositional framework. Bierwisch and Schreuder (1992) propose to solve the hyperonym problem (Levelt, 1989) by an inhibitory channel in the mental lexicon between a word and its hyperonyms. This predicts semantic inhibition by hyponyms, instead of the observed facilitation.
关于言语中词汇提取的理论，在是否假设词汇是以概念分解或非分解的方式被提取这一点上存在差异。在本文中，报告了两项实验，它们对Roelofs（1992a）提出的非分解理论和计算机模型进行了测试。受试者必须使用动词来命名图片中的动作，并忽略叠加在图片上的干扰动词。根据该理论，应该从作为实验中其他图片名称的干扰同下义词动词中获得语义抑制。相比之下，应该从目标动词的下义词中获得语义促进。这两个预测在定性和定量方面都得到了实证证实。这些发现支持了所提出的非分解理论和计算机模型。此外，它们反驳了最近在分解框架内处理一类检索问题的尝试。Bierwisch和Schreuder（1992）提议通过心理词库中一个词与其上位词之间的抑制通道来解决上位词问题（Levelt，1989）。这预测的是下义词的语义抑制，而不是观察到的促进作用。
