Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Apr 1;137(7):749-57.
The objective of this case-control study of idiopathic retinal detachment was to evaluate previously suggested hypotheses about risk factors for retinal detachment and to investigate whether new ocular or systemic risk factors could be identified. Between 1986 and 1990, data were obtained at five US clinical centers on 253 patients with idiopathic retinal detachment and 1,138 controls. Patients with pathologic myopia were excluded. Data were collected from interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory analyses of blood samples. Only one clearly relevant risk factor, myopia, emerged from the analyses. An eye with a spherical equivalent refractive error of -1 to -3 diopters had a fourfold increased risk of retinal detachment compared with a nonmyopic eye; if the refractive error was greater than -3 diopters, the risk was increased 10-fold. The data suggest that almost 55% of nontraumatic detachments in eyes without previous surgery are attributable to myopia. The etiology of retinal detachment appears to be related to the architecture of the eye. The study found no evidence that systemic factors, particularly cardiovascular factors, play a role.
这项关于特发性视网膜脱离的病例对照研究的目的是评估先前提出的关于视网膜脱离危险因素的假设，并调查是否能识别出新的眼部或全身危险因素。1986年至1990年间，在美国五个临床中心收集了253例特发性视网膜脱离患者和1138例对照的数据。病理性近视患者被排除在外。数据通过访谈、临床检查和血液样本的实验室分析收集。分析中仅出现了一个明显相关的危险因素——近视。等效球镜屈光不正为-1至-3屈光度的眼睛发生视网膜脱离的风险是非近视眼睛的四倍；如果屈光不正大于-3屈光度，风险则增加10倍。数据表明，在未接受过手术的眼中，近55%的非创伤性视网膜脱离可归因于近视。视网膜脱离的病因似乎与眼睛的结构有关。该研究没有发现全身因素，尤其是心血管因素起作用的证据。
