Schwarz D F, Grisso J A, Miles C, Holmes J H, Sutton R L
Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Am J Public Health. 1993 May;83(5):675-80. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.5.675.
Injury is a major US public health problem, particularly in urban minority communities. This paper evaluates the impact of the Safe Block Project, a comprehensive injury prevention trial, on home hazards and injury prevention knowledge in a poor urban African-American community.
Nine census tracts in the community were allocated to either the intervention area or the control area. The intervention, carried out by trained community outreach workers, consisted of (1) home modification for simple prevention measures, (2) home inspection accompanied by information about home hazards, and (3) education about selected injury prevention practices. Approximately 12 months after the intervention, random samples of control and intervention homes were assessed for home hazards and injury prevention knowledge.
A significantly larger proportion of intervention homes than control homes had functioning smoke detectors, syrup of ipecac, safely stored medications, and reduced electrical and tripping hazards. No consistent differences were observed between control and intervention homes on home hazards requiring major effort to correct.
There was a distinct difference between control and intervention homes with respect to safety knowledge and home hazards requiring minimal to moderate effort to correct. The Safe Block Project could serve as a model for future urban injury prevention efforts.
伤害是美国一个主要的公共卫生问题，在城市少数族裔社区尤为突出。本文评估了“安全街区项目”（一项综合性伤害预防试验）对一个贫困城市非裔美国人社区家庭危险因素及伤害预防知识的影响。
该社区的9个人口普查区被分配到干预区或对照区。由经过培训的社区外展工作者进行的干预措施包括：（1）进行家庭改造以采取简单预防措施；（2）进行家庭检查并提供有关家庭危险因素的信息；（3）开展关于特定伤害预防措施的教育。干预约12个月后，对对照家庭和干预家庭的随机样本进行家庭危险因素及伤害预防知识评估。
与对照家庭相比，干预家庭中配备正常工作烟雾报警器、吐根糖浆、安全储存药物以及减少电气和绊倒危险的比例显著更高。在需要付出较大努力才能纠正的家庭危险因素方面，对照家庭和干预家庭之间未观察到一致差异。
在安全知识以及需要付出最少到中等努力即可纠正的家庭危险因素方面，对照家庭和干预家庭之间存在明显差异。“安全街区项目”可作为未来城市伤害预防工作的一个范例。
