Residential care for elderly people: a decade of change.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the changes between 1979 and 1990 in demography and dependency levels in elderly people in residential care.

DESIGN

Censuses of those aged 65 years and over in any type of residential care at midnight on 11 December 1979 and 27 November 1990.

SETTING

Leicestershire District Health Authority (population 865,133, 1991 census), coterminous with county and social services boundaries.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Age, sex, length of stay, and dependency levels (measured by activities of daily living).

RESULTS

In 1990 (1979), 6079 (4678) elderly people were enumerated in 241 (133) establishments, a 30% increase in the numbers of elderly people in residential care and an 82% increase in the number of establishments between 1979 and 1990. Dependency levels rose between 1979 and 1990 in all but the geriatric sector, the greatest increases being found in private residential homes where the largest percentage increase in the number of residents had occurred.

CONCLUSIONS

Dependency levels in residential care have risen substantially, particularly in the private sector, even beyond levels expected from the greater numbers of elderly people. With the impending move to community care, dependency levels are likely to rise further, and more appropriate staff training and medical input to homes will become necessary.