Sullivan P J
Macclesfield Health Authority, Cheshire, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1993 Apr;18(4):591-601. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18040591.x.
Psychiatric nursing is invariably assumed to be a stressful area of nursing practice. Empirical evidence to support this proposition is limited, however, due to the lack of research in this field. The purpose of this project was to examine occupational stress in a specified area of psychiatric nursing. The research was exploratory and therefore the concern was discovery and description rather than the testing of clear hypotheses and the development of causal relationships. The study has four main objectives. First, to describe the various stressors present in the work of the psychiatric nurse in the acute admission wards of two district health authorities. Secondly, to measure the effects of stress using a recognized and well-validated instrument for recording levels of burnout. Thirdly, through the use of a particular theoretical framework to identify the types of coping strategy used by the participants in the study. Fourthly, to note any clear associations between the stressors, the effects of stress and the ways of coping identified in the study. The conceptual basis for the project was Lazarus's cognitive theory of stress and coping and Maslach's model of burnout.
精神科护理一直被认为是护理实践中压力较大的领域。然而，由于该领域缺乏研究，支持这一观点的实证证据有限。本项目的目的是研究精神科护理特定领域的职业压力。该研究具有探索性，因此关注的是发现和描述，而非对明确假设的检验以及因果关系的建立。该研究有四个主要目标。其一，描述两个地区卫生当局急症收治病房中精神科护士工作中存在的各种压力源。其二，使用一种公认且经过充分验证的记录倦怠程度的工具来衡量压力的影响。其三，通过运用特定的理论框架来确定研究参与者所采用的应对策略类型。其四，留意研究中所确定的压力源、压力影响与应对方式之间的任何明显关联。该项目的概念基础是拉扎勒斯的压力与应对认知理论以及马斯洛的倦怠模型。
