成年期的教育水平与酒精滥用及依赖：进一步探究
Level of education and alcohol abuse and dependence in adulthood: a further inquiry.
作者信息
Crum R M, Helzer J E, Anthony J C
机构信息
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. 21205.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1993 Jun;83(6):830-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.6.830.
OBJECTIVES
Prospectively gathered data were used to reexamine and to strengthen previously described observations about education and the risk of alcohol abuse and dependence. The hypothesis was that individuals who dropped out of high school and those who entered college but failed to get a college degree might be at increased risk for an alcohol disorder.
METHODS
Study subjects were selected between 1980 and 1984 by taking probability samples of roughly 3000 adult household residents at each of the five Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program survey sites. To assess the occurrence of psychiatric conditions, staff administered the Diagnostic Interview Schedule soon after sampling and again at follow-up, roughly 1 year later.
RESULTS
Individuals who had dropped out of high school were 6.34 times more likely to develop alcohol abuse or dependence than were individuals with a college degree. For those who had entered college but failed to achieve a degree, the estimated relative risk was 3.01. To extend these analyses, estimates for annual incidence were calculated, and an exploratory evaluation of interaction is presented.
CONCLUSIONS
If these findings can be replicated, they should help identify subgroups at higher risk for the development of alcohol disorders.
目的
前瞻性收集的数据用于重新审视并强化先前描述的关于教育与酒精滥用及依赖风险的观察结果。假设是高中辍学的个体以及进入大学但未获得大学学位的个体可能患酒精障碍的风险增加。
方法
1980年至1984年间，在五个流行病学集水区项目调查地点，通过对约3000名成年家庭居民进行概率抽样来选择研究对象。为评估精神疾病的发生情况，工作人员在抽样后不久以及大约1年后的随访时实施了诊断访谈表。
结果
高中辍学的个体患酒精滥用或依赖的可能性是拥有大学学位个体的6.34倍。对于那些进入大学但未获得学位的个体，估计相对风险为3.01。为扩展这些分析，计算了年发病率估计值，并进行了交互作用的探索性评估。
结论
如果这些发现能够被复制，它们应有助于识别患酒精障碍风险较高的亚组。
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