Lavery B, Siegel A W, Cousins J H, Rubovits D S
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Texas 77204-5341.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1993 Apr;55(2):277-94. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1993.1016.
In this study adolescent risk-taking is explored from several theoretical positions: Jessor's problem-behavior perspective, risk-taking as normal and adaptive, adolescent egocentrism, and a decision-making perspective. Adolescents (ages 11-17) referred to mental health clinics (N = 80) completed a risk involvement and perception questionnaire, the Jesness Personality Inventory, and a measure of adolescent egocentrism. For purposes of concurrent validity, a diagnosis was completed by the subject's clinic therapist. As predicted, both Benefit and Risk Perception were significantly correlated with Involvement (in opposite directions), supportive of a decision-making perspective. A configuration of social maladjustment personality correlates in conjunction with a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder showed a strong, positive correlation with Involvement, supporting a problem-behavior perspective. Egocentrism measures were not significantly related to Risk Involvement or Risk and Benefit Perceptions. Adolescent risk-taking is argued to be a multidimensional phenomenon involving personality correlates and cognitive aspects of decision-making.
在本研究中，从几个理论角度探讨了青少年冒险行为：杰索尔的问题行为视角、冒险行为是正常且适应性的观点、青少年自我中心主义以及决策视角。转介至心理健康诊所的青少年（11 - 17岁，N = 80）完成了一份风险参与和认知问卷、杰尼斯人格量表以及一项青少年自我中心主义测量。为了进行同时效度检验，由受试者的临床治疗师完成诊断。正如预期的那样，收益感知和风险感知都与参与度显著相关（方向相反），支持了决策视角。社会适应不良人格相关因素与品行障碍诊断相结合，与参与度呈现出强烈的正相关，支持了问题行为视角。自我中心主义测量与风险参与度或风险及收益感知没有显著关系。青少年冒险行为被认为是一个多维现象，涉及人格相关因素和决策的认知方面。
