Cox B J, Swinson R P, Shulman I D, Kuch K, Reichman J T
Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Behav Res Ther. 1993 May;31(4):413-6. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(93)90099-g.
Previous studies have found some significant, but weak, gender differences in panic and agoraphobia with females generally being more symptomatic. The present study sought to expand this line of research by examining alcohol use and self-medication in relation to gender differences and measures of psychopathology. Seventy-four male and 162 female patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia were compared. There were some significant, but relatively small, gender differences with females reporting higher levels of phobic avoidance. Males reported significantly more weekly alcohol intake and also perceived alcohol to be a more effective strategy in coping with anxiety. Alcohol-related factors were significantly correlated with several measures of psychopathology for males but this was less evident in females. The correlations were not large but the results do suggest that a subset of males consume moderate to large amounts of alcohol, believe self-medication to be an effective anti-anxiety strategy, and yet report higher levels of psychopathology such as social fears.
先前的研究发现，在惊恐障碍和广场恐惧症方面存在一些显著但微弱的性别差异，女性通常症状更明显。本研究试图通过考察与性别差异及精神病理学测量相关的酒精使用和自我用药情况来拓展这一研究领域。对74名患有广场恐惧症的惊恐障碍男性患者和162名女性患者进行了比较。存在一些显著但相对较小的性别差异，女性报告的恐惧回避水平更高。男性报告每周饮酒量显著更多，并且认为酒精是应对焦虑更有效的策略。与酒精相关的因素与男性的多项精神病理学测量显著相关，但在女性中不太明显。这些相关性不大，但结果确实表明，一部分男性饮用中度至大量酒精，认为自我用药是一种有效的抗焦虑策略，然而却报告有更高水平的精神病理学症状，如社交恐惧。
