Caplan M S, MacKendrick W
Department of Pediatrics, Evanston Hospital, Northwestern University Medical School, Illinois 60201.
Pediatr Pathol. 1993 May-Jun;13(3):357-69. doi: 10.3109/15513819309048223.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease of premature neonates that accounts for 3000 to 4000 deaths each year in the United States. The pathogenesis is not well understood, however theories suggest that prematurity, enteral feeding, bacterial colonization, and intestinal ischemia contribute to the intestinal injury. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that platelet activating factor and perhaps other inflammatory mediators mediate bowel necrosis in animals and possibly in humans. Although no specific intervention for NEC treatment exists, preventive therapy using either enteral IgA supplementation, breast milk feeding, antibiotic prophylaxis, or exogenous steroid administration have reduced the incidence of this overwhelming disease in small randomized trials. These modalities and perhaps PAF antagonists or other inflammatory mediator inhibitors may reduce the incidence or severity of NEC in the next several years.
坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）是一种严重的早产新生儿胃肠道疾病，在美国每年导致3000至4000例死亡。其发病机制尚不完全清楚，但理论表明早产、肠内喂养、细菌定植和肠道缺血会导致肠道损伤。此外，最近的研究表明，血小板活化因子以及其他一些炎症介质可能在动物甚至人类中介导肠坏死。虽然目前尚无针对NEC的特效治疗方法，但在小型随机试验中，使用肠内补充IgA、母乳喂养、抗生素预防或外源性类固醇给药等预防性治疗已降低了这种严重疾病的发病率。这些方法以及PAF拮抗剂或其他炎症介质抑制剂可能在未来几年降低NEC的发病率或严重程度。
