在灰阶超声引导下对包裹性胸腔积液进行胸腔穿刺术。

Chest. 1977 May;71(5):666-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.71.5.666.

Six patients with either malignant pleural effusion or empyema, in whom multiple conventional attempts at thoracocentesis were unsuccessful, were evaluated by ultrasound. In each case, a subsequent thoracocentesis guided by ultrasound produced sufficient fluid to enable a diagnosis to be established. In no case was pneumothorax produced.

6例恶性胸腔积液或脓胸患者，多次常规胸腔穿刺均未成功，接受了超声检查。在每例患者中，随后在超声引导下进行胸腔穿刺，获得了足够的液体以确立诊断。无一例发生气胸。