Lee A
School of Microbiology and Immunology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Ann Med. 1995 Oct;27(5):575-82. doi: 10.3109/07853899509002472.
Evidence is rapidly accumulating that Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for human gastric adenocarcinomas and all low-grade B-cell gastric lymphomas. Given this, there is a need to develop animal models with a view to discovering not only how carcinogenesis is initiated, but also how the process can be prevented. The lack of H. pylori animal models suitable for long-term studies means that alternatives are needed. The most productive models are likely to be the Helicobacter mustelae-infected ferret or the mouse infected with either Helicobacter felis or 'Helicobacter heilmannii'. The first evidence that helicobacter infection induces a chronic inflammation that progresses to gastric atrophy, the precursor lesion to gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, has come from the mouse model. The severity of inflammation is dependent on the type of mouse strain used, highlighting the importance of host factors in the development of gastritis. Carcinogenesis studies should only be done with mouse strains known to cause atrophy. The H. mustaelae-infected ferret appears very susceptible to the development of adenocarcinoma following ingestion of chemical carcinogens. Long-term infection of mice with H. felis results in the development of low-grade B-cell gastric lymphomas indistinguishable to those found in H. pylori-infected humans. Helicobacter-infected animals, rodents in particular are going to provide exciting opportunities to investigate not only important aspects of gastric cancer and lymphoma but also fundamental issues of carcinogenesis in general.
越来越多的证据表明，幽门螺杆菌是人类胃腺癌和所有低级别B细胞胃淋巴瘤的主要危险因素。鉴于此，有必要开发动物模型，不仅用于发现致癌作用是如何启动的，还用于发现如何预防这一过程。缺乏适合长期研究的幽门螺杆菌动物模型意味着需要寻找替代方案。最有效的模型可能是感染了鼬螺杆菌的雪貂或感染了猫螺杆菌或“海尔曼螺杆菌”的小鼠。幽门螺杆菌感染会引发慢性炎症，进而发展为胃萎缩，而胃萎缩是人类胃腺癌的前期病变，这一观点的首个证据来自小鼠模型。炎症的严重程度取决于所用小鼠品系的类型，这突出了宿主因素在胃炎发展中的重要性。致癌作用研究应该只在已知会导致萎缩的小鼠品系上进行。感染鼬螺杆菌的雪貂在摄入化学致癌物后似乎极易患上腺癌。长期感染猫螺杆菌的小鼠会发展出与幽门螺杆菌感染人类中发现的低级别B细胞胃淋巴瘤难以区分的淋巴瘤。感染幽门螺杆菌的动物，尤其是啮齿动物，将为研究胃癌和淋巴瘤的重要方面以及一般致癌作用的基本问题提供令人兴奋的机会。
