Oie K L, Durrant G, Wolfinbarger J B, Martin D, Costello F, Perryman S, Hogan D, Hadlow W J, Bloom M E
Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA.
J Virol. 1996 Feb;70(2):852-61. doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.2.852-861.1996.
Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) DNA was identified by PCR in samples from mink and raccoons on commercial ranches during an outbreak of Aleutian disease (AD). Comparison of DNA sequences of the hypervariable portion of VP2, the major capsid protein of ADV, indicated that both mink and raccoons were infected by a new isolate of ADV, designated ADV-TR. Because the capsid proteins of other parvoviruses play a prominent role in the determination of viral pathogenicity and host range, we decided to examine the relationship between the capsid protein sequences and pathogenicity of ADV. Comparison of the ADV-TR hypervariable region sequence with sequences of other isolates of ADV revealed that ADV-TR was 94 to 100% related to the nonpathogenic type 1 ADV-G at both the DNA and amino acid levels but less than 90% related to other pathogenic ADVs like the type 2 ADV-Utah, the type 3 ADV-ZK8, or ADV-Pullman. This finding indicated that a virus with a type 1 hypervariable region could be pathogenic. To perform a more comprehensive analysis, the complete VP2 sequence of ADV-TR was obtained and compared with that of the 647-amino-acid VP2 of ADV-G and the corresponding VP2 sequences of the pathogenic ADV-Utah, ADV-Pullman, and ADV-ZK8. Although the hypervariable region amino acid sequence of ADV-TR was identical to that of ADV-G, there were 12 amino acid differences between ADV-G and ADV-TR. Each of these differences was at a position where other pathogenic isolates also differed from ADV-G. Thus, although ADV-TR had the hypervariable sequence of the nonpathogenic type 1 ADV-G, the remainder of the VP2 sequence resembled sequences of other pathogenic ADVs. Under experimental conditions, ADV-TR and ADV-Utah were highly pathogenic and induced typical AD in trios of both Aleutian and non-Aleutian mink, whereas ADV-Pullman was pathogenic only for Aleutian mink and ADV-G was noninfectious. Trios of raccoons experimentally inoculated with ADV-TR and ADV-Utah all became infected with ADV, but only a single ADV-Pullman-inoculated raccoon showed evidence of infection. Furthermore, none of the ADV isolates induced pathological findings of AD in raccoons. Finally, when a preparation of ADV-TR prepared from infected raccoon lymph nodes was inoculated into mink and raccoons, typical AD was induced in Aleutian and non-Aleutian mink, but raccoons failed to show serological or pathological evidence of infection. These results indicated that raccoons can become infected with ADV and may have a role in the transmission of virus to mink but that raccoon-to-raccoon transmission of ADV is unlikely.
在阿留申病（AD）暴发期间，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）在商业养殖场的水貂和浣熊样本中鉴定出了阿留申水貂病细小病毒（ADV）DNA。对ADV主要衣壳蛋白VP2高变区的DNA序列进行比较，结果表明水貂和浣熊均感染了一种新的ADV分离株，命名为ADV - TR。由于其他细小病毒的衣壳蛋白在决定病毒致病性和宿主范围方面起着重要作用，我们决定研究ADV衣壳蛋白序列与致病性之间的关系。将ADV - TR高变区序列与其他ADV分离株的序列进行比较，发现ADV - TR在DNA和氨基酸水平上与非致病性1型ADV - G的相关性为94%至100%，但与其他致病性ADV如2型ADV - Utah、3型ADV - ZK8或ADV - Pullman的相关性小于90%。这一发现表明具有1型高变区的病毒可能具有致病性。为了进行更全面的分析，获得了ADV - TR的完整VP2序列，并将其与ADV - G的647个氨基酸的VP2序列以及致病性ADV - Utah、ADV - Pullman和ADV - ZK8的相应VP2序列进行比较。尽管ADV - TR的高变区氨基酸序列与ADV - G相同，但ADV - G和ADV - TR之间存在12个氨基酸差异。这些差异中的每一个都位于其他致病性分离株与ADV - G也不同的位置。因此，尽管ADV - TR具有非致病性1型ADV - G的高变序列，但VP2序列的其余部分与其他致病性ADV的序列相似。在实验条件下，ADV - TR和ADV - Utah具有高度致病性，并在阿留申和非阿留申水貂的三联体中诱发典型的AD，而ADV - Pullman仅对阿留申水貂具有致病性，ADV - G无感染性。用ADV - TR和ADV - Utah实验接种的浣熊三联体均感染了ADV，但仅一只接种ADV - Pullman的浣熊显示出感染迹象。此外，没有一种ADV分离株在浣熊中诱发AD的病理表现。最后，当将从感染浣熊淋巴结制备的ADV - TR制剂接种到水貂和浣熊中时，在阿留申和非阿留申水貂中诱发了典型的AD，但浣熊未显示出感染的血清学或病理学证据。这些结果表明浣熊可感染ADV，可能在病毒传播给水貂中起作用，但ADV在浣熊之间的传播不太可能。
