Schaefer E J, Lichtenstein A H, Lamon-Fava S, Contois J H, Li Z, Goldin B R, Rasmussen H, McNamara J R, Ordovas J M
Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Feb;63(2):234-41. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/63.2.234.
The effects of two National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diets (< or = 30% of energy as total fat, < 7% of energy as saturated fat, and < 200 mg cholesterol/d), one relatively high and the other relatively low in fish-derived fatty acids, on plasma lipoprotein concentrations and blood pressure were compared in 22 men and women with a mean (+/- SD) age of 63 +/- 10 y. Subjects were placed on a baseline diet similar to the diet currently consumed in the United States (35% of energy as total fat, 14% of energy as saturated fat, 35 mg cholesterol/MJ) for 6 wk and then on either an NCEP Step 2 diet relatively high in fish (Step 2 high-fish, n = 11) or relatively low in fish (Step 2 low-fish, n = 11) for 24 wk. All food and drinks were provided. Compared with baseline values, consumption of both the Step 2 high-fish and the Step 2 low-fish diets under weight-stable conditions was associated with significant decreases in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (-14% and -19%, respectively), low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-15% and -20%, respectively), and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-11% and -17%, respectively). Postprandial, but not fasting, triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly reduced during consumption of the Step 2 high-fish diet. There were no significant changes in these indexes after consumption of the Step 2 low-fish diet compared with the baseline diet. LDL particle size decreased significantly (-12%) only in subjects on the Step 2 low-fish diet. Both Step 2 diets caused small but significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure. Our results indicate that NCEP Step 2 diets relatively high or relatively low in fish are both effective in significantly reducing total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations without changes in the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol under controlled weight-stable conditions in middle-aged and elderly subjects. A beneficial effect on diastolic blood pressure was also observed.
在22名平均年龄为63±10岁的男性和女性中，比较了两种美国国家胆固醇教育计划（NCEP）第二步饮食（总脂肪占能量的≤30%，饱和脂肪占能量的<7%，胆固醇摄入<200毫克/天）对血浆脂蛋白浓度和血压的影响，这两种饮食中一种鱼类衍生脂肪酸含量相对较高，另一种相对较低。受试者先接受6周与美国当前饮食相似的基线饮食（总脂肪占能量的35%，饱和脂肪占能量的14%，胆固醇35毫克/兆焦），然后接受24周的NCEP第二步饮食，其中一种鱼类含量相对较高（第二步高鱼饮食，n = 11），另一种鱼类含量相对较低（第二步低鱼饮食，n = 11）。所有食物和饮料均由提供。与基线值相比，在体重稳定的情况下，食用第二步高鱼饮食和第二步低鱼饮食均与血浆总胆固醇浓度显著降低（分别降低14%和19%）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇浓度显著降低（分别降低15%和20%）以及高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇浓度显著降低（分别降低ll%和17%）有关。在食用第二步高鱼饮食期间，餐后而非空腹的三酰甘油浓度显著降低。与基线饮食相比，食用第二步低鱼饮食后这些指标无显著变化。仅在食用第二步低鱼饮食的受试者中，LDL颗粒大小显著减小（-12%）。两种第二步饮食均导致舒张压小幅但显著降低。我们的结果表明，在中年和老年受试者体重稳定的受控条件下，鱼类含量相对较高或较低的NCEP第二步饮食均能有效显著降低总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇浓度，且总胆固醇与HDL胆固醇的比值不变。还观察到对舒张压有有益影响。
