Foulds G A, Bedford A
Br J Med Psychol. 1977 Mar;50(1):73-8. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1977.tb02400.x.
Three hundred and twenty-five psychiatric patients were allocated to classes within the hierarchy of personal illness by means of the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory. They were then given the Personality Deviance Scales. The results showed that the classes ranked in the same hierarchical order as on the DSSI on extrapunitiveness and intropunitiveness, but not on dominance. Maladjustive personality deviance, as statistically defined, was 3 1/2 times as frequent among patients as among non-patients. Whereas symptom measures had previously been shown to change considerably after one month, personality measures did not. Longer follow-up periods are needed before it can be decided whether personality measures contribute substantially to prediction of type of illness or whether they are determined, at least in part, by the type of illness. In the latter event, personality measures might still prove useful in providing a more fundamental estimate of long-term clinical improvement than symptom measures alone if they were found to change more slowly or only with more intensive clincial effort.
通过“妄想 - 症状 - 状态量表”，将325名精神病患者按照个人疾病等级进行分类。然后给他们进行“人格偏差量表”测试。结果显示，这些类别在外向攻击和内向攻击方面的等级顺序与在“妄想 - 症状 - 状态量表”上的相同，但在支配性方面并非如此。从统计学角度定义，适应不良的人格偏差在患者中的出现频率是非患者的3.5倍。虽然之前已表明症状指标在一个月后会有很大变化，但人格指标却没有。在确定人格指标是否对疾病类型的预测有实质性贡献，或者它们是否至少部分由疾病类型决定之前，还需要更长的随访期。在后一种情况下，如果发现人格指标变化更缓慢，或者只有通过更深入的临床努力才会变化，那么人格指标可能仍被证明比单独的症状指标更有助于对长期临床改善进行更基本的评估。
