Bremner J D, Krystal J H, Southwick S M, Charney D S
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 1995 Oct;8(4):527-53. doi: 10.1007/BF02102888.
Recently there has been an increase in interest in the relationship between stress and memory. Brain regions which are involved in memory function also effect the stress response. Traumatic stress results in changes in these brain regions; alterations in these brain regions in turn may mediate symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neural mechanisms which are relevant to the effects of stress on memory, such as fear conditioning, stress sensitization, and extinction, are reviewed in relation to their implications for PTSD. Special topics including neural mechanisms in dissociation, neurobiological approaches to the validity of childhood memories as they apply to controversies over the "False Memory Syndrome," and implications of the effects of stress on memory for psychotherapy, are also reviewed. The findings discussed in this paper are consistent with the formulation that stress-induced alterations in brain regions and systems involved in memory may underlie many of the symptoms of PTSD, as well as dissociative amnesia, seen in survivors of traumatic stress.
最近，人们对压力与记忆之间的关系越来越感兴趣。参与记忆功能的脑区也会影响应激反应。创伤性应激会导致这些脑区发生变化；而这些脑区的改变反过来可能介导创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的症状。本文将回顾与压力对记忆影响相关的神经机制，如恐惧条件作用、应激敏感化和消退，并探讨它们对PTSD的影响。还将回顾一些特殊主题，包括解离中的神经机制、童年记忆有效性的神经生物学方法（这些方法适用于“错误记忆综合征”的争议）以及压力对记忆的影响在心理治疗中的意义。本文讨论的研究结果与以下观点一致：压力引起的参与记忆的脑区和系统的改变可能是创伤后应激障碍以及创伤性应激幸存者中出现的解离性失忆等许多症状的基础。
