Chilcoat H D, Anthony J C
Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996 Jan;35(1):91-100. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199601000-00017.
To examine whether parental supervision and monitoring in middle childhood might have a sustained impact on risk of drug use later in childhood and adolescence.
An epidemiological sample of 926 urban-dwelling youths were individually interviewed annually, beginning in 1989 when the children were 8 to 10 years old, continuing through 1992. Standardized questions measured drug use, parenting behaviors, and other suspected determinants of drug use.
Survival analysis estimates indicated that children in the lowest quartile of parent monitoring initiated drug use at earlier ages. The contrast in risk of initiating alcohol, tobacco, or other drug use across levels of parent monitoring was greatest when children were under 11 years old; at older ages there was no difference in risk. However, in analyses focused specifically on marijuana, cocaine, and inhalant drugs, we observed a sustained higher risk of starting to use these drugs among youths who had been monitored at the lowest levels in middle childhood.
These results add to the chain of inference that effective supervision and monitoring in middle childhood by parents or guardians might induce a delay or prevent onset of drug use among youths living in urban areas, a hypothesis that now ought to be tested in rigorous field experiments.
研究童年中期父母的监督和监管是否会对儿童期后期及青春期的吸毒风险产生持续影响。
从1989年孩子们8至10岁开始，至1992年，对926名居住在城市的青少年进行了流行病学抽样，每年对他们进行单独访谈。通过标准化问题来衡量吸毒情况、养育行为以及其他可疑的吸毒决定因素。
生存分析估计表明，父母监管处于最低四分位数的儿童开始吸毒的年龄更早。在11岁以下儿童中，父母监管水平不同导致开始饮酒、吸烟或使用其他毒品的风险差异最大；在年龄较大时，风险没有差异。然而，在专门针对大麻、可卡因和吸入性毒品的分析中，我们观察到童年中期受到最低水平监管的青少年开始使用这些毒品的风险持续较高。
这些结果进一步支持了这样的推断，即父母或监护人在童年中期进行有效的监督和监管可能会延迟或预防城市地区青少年吸毒的开始，这一假设现在应该在严格的实地实验中进行检验。
