Primmer C R, Møller A P, Ellegren H
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Biomedical Centre.
Mol Ecol. 1995 Aug;4(4):493-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1995.tb00243.x.
Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers from the swallow were isolated and characterized. Extraordinary variability was revealed at the HrU6 locus with 45 different alleles scored among 46 unrelated individuals. The probability that the same genotype combination would occur in two random and unrelated individuals at six selected loci was as low as 1.3 x 10(-8) and the combined exclusion probability was 0.9996. Stable Mendelian inheritance was observed in about 1000 meioses. No significant linkage was revealed and for almost all combinations of marker-pairs, linkage closer than 5 cM could be excluded. At two loci, null (nonamplifying) alleles were encountered. Thirteen (30%) extra-pair offspring were identified in 5 (56%) broods when applying the marker set on a nearly complete swallow colony. We were able to identify a single male from the other families in the colony as the most likely father for nine of the 13 extra-pair offspring.
从家燕中分离并鉴定了八个多态性微卫星标记。在HrU6位点发现了异常高的变异性，在46个无关个体中检测到45个不同的等位基因。在六个选定位点上，两个随机且无关个体出现相同基因型组合的概率低至1.3×10⁻⁸，联合排除概率为0.9996。在约1000次减数分裂中观察到稳定的孟德尔遗传。未发现显著连锁，对于几乎所有标记对组合，可排除紧密程度超过5厘摩的连锁。在两个位点遇到了无效（非扩增）等位基因。当将该标记集应用于一个几乎完整的家燕群体时，在5个（56%）巢中鉴定出13只（30%）婚外后代。我们能够确定群体中来自其他家族的一只雄性是13只婚外后代中9只最可能的父亲。
