Handelman G J, Packer L, Cross C E
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Apr;63(4):559-65. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/63.4.559.
The mechanisms by which exposure to cigarette smoke dramatically increase the incidence and severity of atherosclerosis and the incidence of lung cancer, chronic obstructive airways disease, and emphysema are incompletely understood. Epidemiologic evidence has suggested a modifying role for antioxidant micronutrients, including tocopherols and carotenoids, in these disease processes. It has been suggested that oxidants in cigarette smoke could be involved. We exposed freshly obtained human plasma to the gas phase of cigarette smoke to assess its effects on tocopherols, carotenoids, and retinol. Exposure to cigarette smoke led to the depletion of most of the lipophilic antioxidants in 20 mL human plasma. The order of disappearance was lycopene > alpha-tocopherol > trans-beta-carotene++ > (lutein + zeaxanthin) = cryptoxanthin > gamma-tocopherol = retinol. However, despite a substantial loss of alpha-tocopherol, there was very little peroxidative damage to lipids, and no detectable change in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich cholesterol esters. We conclude that a wide spectrum of lipophilic micronutrients undergo degradation when exposed to gas-phase cigarette smoke. The relevance of these in vitro findings to possible cigarette smoke-induced depletions of respiratory tract lipophilic antioxidants remains to be clarified.
接触香烟烟雾会显著增加动脉粥样硬化的发病率和严重程度以及肺癌、慢性阻塞性气道疾病和肺气肿的发病率，但其机制尚未完全明确。流行病学证据表明，包括生育酚和类胡萝卜素在内的抗氧化微量营养素在这些疾病过程中具有调节作用。有人认为香烟烟雾中的氧化剂可能与此有关。我们将新鲜获取的人体血浆暴露于香烟烟雾的气相中，以评估其对生育酚、类胡萝卜素和视黄醇的影响。暴露于香烟烟雾会导致20毫升人体血浆中大多数亲脂性抗氧化剂的消耗。消失顺序为番茄红素>α-生育酚>反式β-胡萝卜素++>（叶黄素+玉米黄质）=隐黄质>γ-生育酚=视黄醇。然而，尽管α-生育酚大量损失，但脂质的过氧化损伤非常小，富含多不饱和脂肪酸的胆固醇酯含量也没有可检测到的变化。我们得出结论，当暴露于气相香烟烟雾中时，多种亲脂性微量营养素会发生降解。这些体外研究结果与香烟烟雾可能导致呼吸道亲脂性抗氧化剂消耗的相关性仍有待阐明。
