Moran R, Nolan J M, Stack J, O'Halloran A M, Feeney J, Akuffo K O, Kenny R A, Beatty S
Rachel Moran, Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland, Tel: +353 (0)51 306261; Email:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(3):254-261. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0729-7.
To investigate non-dietary correlates and determinants of plasma lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) concentrations in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) sample.
Cross-sectional study.
Community dwelling adults in the Republic of Ireland (ROI).
3,681 participants aged 50 years and older.
TILDA is a nationally representative prospective cohort study of community dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in the ROI. Demographic and health variables were collected during a face-to-face interview carried out in the home (n=8175), and a substantial proportion of these (n=5035; 62%) also attended a study visit in a health assessment centre. Blood samples collected at baseline (wave 1, the subject of the current study), were analysed for plasma concentrations of L and Z by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and macular pigment (MP) optical density was also measured (using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry).
After excluding participants with eye disease, data from 3,681 participants were available for analysis. For this group of participants, plasma L and Z were inversely and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), and were positively and significantly associated with MP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p<0.001, for all). Plasma L and Z were significantly lower in males, current smokers, participants reporting less physical exercise, and participants reporting lower levels of education (p<0.05, for all). Plasma L was significantly higher in participants reporting a family history of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (p=0.001), and in the group of ≥75 years old (p<0.05). For each of these variables, the significant associations remained after controlling for other potential confounding variables.
The findings of this large study indicate that plasma concentrations of L and Z were lower in association with indicators of a poor lifestyle (high BMI, tobacco use, and less physical exercise) and in association with lower education, indicating that modifying lifestyle in a positive way is likely to be reflected in higher concentrations of plasma carotenoids, with consequential and putative health benefits.
在爱尔兰老龄化纵向研究（TILDA）样本中，调查血浆叶黄素（L）和玉米黄质（Z）浓度的非饮食相关因素及决定因素。
横断面研究。
爱尔兰共和国（ROI）的社区居住成年人。
3681名50岁及以上的参与者。
TILDA是一项对ROI中50岁及以上社区居住成年人具有全国代表性的前瞻性队列研究。在家庭中进行的面对面访谈（n = 8175）期间收集了人口统计学和健康变量，其中很大一部分（n = 5035；62%）还参加了健康评估中心的研究访问。对在基线时（第1波，即本研究的主题）采集的血样，采用反相高效液相色谱法分析血浆L和Z的浓度，并测量黄斑色素（MP）光密度（使用定制的异色闪烁光度法）。
排除患有眼部疾病的参与者后，有3681名参与者的数据可供分析。对于这组参与者，血浆L和Z与体重指数（BMI）呈显著负相关，与MP、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）呈显著正相关（所有p<0.001）。男性、当前吸烟者、报告体育锻炼较少的参与者以及报告教育水平较低的参与者的血浆L和Z显著较低（所有p<0.05）。报告有年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）家族史的参与者（p = 0.001）以及75岁及以上组的参与者（p<0.05）的血浆L显著较高。对于这些变量中的每一个，在控制其他潜在混杂变量后，显著关联仍然存在。
这项大型研究的结果表明，血浆L和Z的浓度与不良生活方式指标（高BMI、吸烟和体育锻炼较少）以及较低教育水平相关，表明以积极方式改变生活方式可能会反映在血浆类胡萝卜素浓度升高上，并带来相应的假定健康益处。
