Lee R G, van Donkelaar P
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Can J Neurol Sci. 1995 Nov;22(4):257-63. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100039445.
This article reviews recent evidence from animal experiments indicating that there is considerable potential for reorganization of representations and functions in in sensory and motor cortex following localized lesions or various manipulations of peripheral target structures. Three major mechanisms for this plastic reorganization are considered: unmasking of existing but functionally inactive pathways, sprouting of fibers from surviving neurons and formation of new synapses, and redundancy of CNS circuitry allowing alternative pathways to take over functions. Studies using positron emission tomography or transcranial magnetic stimulation suggest that similar forms of neuroplasticity may occur in the human brain and could contribute to functional recovery following stroke. The potential therapeutic implications are discussed.
本文综述了近期动物实验的证据，这些证据表明，在局部损伤或对外周靶结构进行各种操作后，感觉和运动皮层的表征和功能有相当大的重组潜力。本文考虑了这种可塑性重组的三种主要机制：揭示现有的但功能不活跃的通路、存活神经元的纤维萌发和新突触的形成，以及中枢神经系统电路的冗余允许替代通路接管功能。使用正电子发射断层扫描或经颅磁刺激的研究表明，类似形式的神经可塑性可能发生在人类大脑中，并可能有助于中风后的功能恢复。本文还讨论了其潜在的治疗意义。
