Zill N
Child and Family Study Area, Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850.
Public Health Rep. 1996 Jan-Feb;111(1):34-43.
Nearly one in every four children in the United States is born to a mother who has not finished high school, and more than one in eight is reared by such a mother during the critical preschool period. Large-scale studies show that the health and welfare of children are linked to the education level of their parents, with parent education often being a stronger predictor of child well-being than family income, single parenthood, or family size. Higher parent education levels make it more likely that children will receive adequate medical care and that their daily environments will be protected and responsive to their needs. Average parent education levels have risen over the last 30 years, but progress has slowed because of high rates of immigration from countries with lower education standards and the tendency of more advantaged women to have children later than less advantaged women. The education system and community organizations must provide young people who are not doing well in school with positive alternatives to low- education, high-risk parenthood. Health care providers should be proactive, teaching parents with few resources how best to promote their children's growth and development. The changing global economy makes it more important than ever that current and future generations of children are reared by parents who have adequate skills and training to be competent members of society and effective and responsible parents.
在美国，近四分之一的儿童母亲没有完成高中学业，超过八分之一的儿童在关键的学前阶段由这样的母亲抚养。大规模研究表明，儿童的健康和幸福与父母的教育水平相关，父母教育程度往往比家庭收入、单亲家庭或家庭规模更能预测儿童的幸福。父母教育水平越高，儿童就越有可能获得足够的医疗保健，其日常环境也越有可能得到保护并满足他们的需求。在过去30年里，父母的平均教育水平有所提高，但由于来自教育水平较低国家的移民率较高，以及较有优势的女性比条件较差的女性生育年龄更晚，进展有所放缓。教育系统和社区组织必须为学业不佳的年轻人提供积极的选择，以替代低教育水平、高风险的为人父母方式。医疗保健提供者应该积极主动，教导资源匮乏的父母如何以最佳方式促进孩子的成长和发展。不断变化的全球经济使得由具备足够技能和培训、能够成为社会合格成员并成为有效和负责任父母的父母抚养当前和未来几代儿童比以往任何时候都更加重要。
