Frette C, Barrett-Connor E, Clausen J L
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0607, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Apr 15;143(8):757-65. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008813.
Although it is well known that pulmonary function declines with age and that this decline is accelerated by cigarette smoking, the effects of such factors are not well established in elderly individuals. Tha authors examined the effect of active and passive smoking on ventilatory function assessed by spirometry in 1,397 community-dwelling men and women aged 51-95 years and observed that active smoking affected ventilatory function into advanced old age. Smokers who quit before age 40 had an age- and height-adjusted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)(in liters) that did not differ from that of never smokers in either men (3.06 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.58) vs. 3.06 (SD = 0.60), p = 0.99) or women (2.09 (SD = 0.51) vs. 2.13 (SD = 0.46), p = 0.51). In smokers who quit between ages 40 and 60, FEV1 was lower than that of never smokers and higher than that of current smokers in both men and women. Male and female smokers who quit after age 60 had a FEV1 similar to current smokers. FEV1 correlated significantly with the duration since quitting smoking (r = 0.24, p = 0.0001 in men; and r = 0.26,p = 0.0001 in women) and with the duration of smoking (r = -0.30, p = 0.0001 in both men and women). FEV1 and forced midexpiratory rate in 25-75 seconds were not lower in either male or female nonsmokers passively exposed to cigarette smoke at home. These results confirm the deleterious effect of active smoking and demonstrate a beneficial effect of quitting smoking before age 40, with an apparent lack of benefit on pulmonary function if cessation is delayed to age 60.
尽管众所周知，肺功能会随着年龄增长而下降，且吸烟会加速这种下降，但这些因素对老年人的影响尚未完全明确。作者对1397名年龄在51至95岁之间的社区居民男性和女性进行了研究，通过肺活量测定法评估主动吸烟和被动吸烟对通气功能的影响，观察到主动吸烟对高龄者的通气功能有影响。40岁之前戒烟的吸烟者，其经年龄和身高校正的1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）（以升为单位），在男性（3.06（标准差（SD）=0.58）对3.06（SD = 0.60），p = 0.99）和女性（2.09（SD = 0.51）对2.13（SD = 0.46），p = 0.51）中与从不吸烟者并无差异。在40至60岁之间戒烟的吸烟者中，男性和女性的FEV1均低于从不吸烟者且高于当前吸烟者。60岁之后戒烟的男性和女性吸烟者的FEV1与当前吸烟者相似。FEV1与戒烟时长显著相关（男性r = 0.24，p = 0.0001；女性r = 0.26，p = 0.0001）且与吸烟时长相关（男性和女性r均 = -0.30，p = 0.0001）。在家中被动接触香烟烟雾的男性或女性非吸烟者，其FEV1和25至75秒内的用力呼气中期流速均未降低。这些结果证实了主动吸烟的有害影响，并表明40岁之前戒烟有益，而如果戒烟延迟到60岁，对肺功能显然没有益处。
