Preslan M W, Novak A
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
Ophthalmology. 1996 Jan;103(1):105-9. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30753-7.
This study estimates the prevalence of common visual disorders (amblyopia, strabismus, refractive errors) in a group of inner-city school children. In addition, the study addresses the issue of access to care for vision-screening programs, specifically for children with recognized difficulties in obtaining routine medical care.
School children from an inner-city elementary school were enrolled into a prospective vision-screening program combining the identification arm (screening) and diagnostic/treatment arm (ophthalmic examination). The screening consisted of Snellen E optotypes presented at a 10-foot test distance. Each child failing the vision screening was examined by an ophthalmologist at the school using standard protocol. This allowed the authors to examine all children identified through the vision-screening program.
Six-hundred eighty children were screened during the 1993 to 1994 school year. Eleven percent (76) failed the vision screening and were examined, 68 of whom failed the ophthalmic examination. The estimated prevalence of visual morbidity was as follows: amblyopia, 3.9%; strabismus, 3.1%, and refractive errors, 8.2%.
Amblyopia, strasbismus, and refractive errors were found in relatively high frequencies for this population sample of inner city children. These findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive vision-screening programs that integrate follow-up care. Children with limited access to specialized eye care must be provided with a mechanism for obtaining these services.
本研究评估一组市中心区学童中常见视觉障碍（弱视、斜视、屈光不正）的患病率。此外，该研究探讨了视力筛查项目的就医问题，特别是针对那些在获得常规医疗护理方面存在公认困难的儿童。
来自市中心区一所小学的学童被纳入一项前瞻性视力筛查项目，该项目结合了识别环节（筛查）和诊断/治疗环节（眼科检查）。筛查采用在10英尺测试距离呈现的斯内伦E视力表。视力筛查未通过的每个儿童由学校的眼科医生按照标准方案进行检查。这使得作者能够对通过视力筛查项目识别出的所有儿童进行检查。
在1993至1994学年期间，对680名儿童进行了筛查。11%（76名）儿童视力筛查未通过并接受了检查，其中68名儿童眼科检查未通过。视觉疾病的估计患病率如下：弱视3.9%；斜视3.1%，屈光不正8.2%。
在这个市中心区儿童人群样本中，弱视、斜视和屈光不正的发生率相对较高。这些发现强调了整合后续护理的全面视力筛查项目的必要性。必须为获得专业眼科护理机会有限的儿童提供获得这些服务的机制。
