Xiao S H, You J Q, Yang Y Q, Wang C Z
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1995 Jun;26(2):306-18.
An early treatment with artemether given in appropriate regimens was tested in mice, rabbits and dogs for prevention purposes. Artemether was administered intragastrically (ig) to the hosts on day 7 after infection with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae at a single dose, and the same dose of artemether was repeated every 1 or 2 weeks for 2-4 times. As a result, most of the female worms were killed before their oviposition with female worm reduction rates of 90-100%, resulting in protection of the host from damage induced by schistosome eggs. When rabbits were treated ig with artemether 10 mg kg-1 on day 7 after infection, followed by repeated dosing every week for 4 times, some parameters related to acute schistosomiasis, such as temperature, eosinophil count and eggs in the feces were negative, and low specific antigen and antibody levels in serum were seen. Further study showed that the appropriate regimens of Artemether were also effective in early treatment of reinfection with cercariae. When rabbits infected with 48-52 cercariae once every other day for 5 times were treated ig with artemether 15 mg kg-1, followed by repeated dosing every 1 or 2 week for 2- 3 times, the female worm reduction rates were 92.1-98.4%. Histopathological examination of the livers showed that the above-mentioned early treatment with Artemether exhibited a promising protective effect on dogs and rabbits. The major features included normal appearance of the liver resembling those of uninfected dogs and rabbits; few or no dispersed miliary egg tubercles appeared on the surface of the liver; the structure of the hepatic lobules was normal with normal arrangement of the liver bundles; few or no eggs appeared in the portal vein area and there was apparent diminution of total egg granuloma, comprising inflammatory, fibrous or scarred egg granuloma. On the basis of above-mentioned results, early treatment with Artemether could be recommended for field trial for controlling acute schistosomiasis, reducing infection rate and intensity of infection.
为了预防目的，在小鼠、兔子和狗身上测试了以适当方案给予蒿甲醚的早期治疗。在感染日本血吸虫尾蚴后第7天，以单剂量经胃内（ig）给予宿主蒿甲醚，每1或2周重复相同剂量的蒿甲醚，共2 - 4次。结果，大多数雌虫在产卵前被杀死，雌虫减少率为90% - 100%，从而保护宿主免受血吸虫卵引起的损害。当兔子在感染后第7天经胃内给予10 mg kg-1蒿甲醚，随后每周重复给药4次时，一些与急性血吸虫病相关的参数，如体温、嗜酸性粒细胞计数和粪便中的虫卵均为阴性，且血清中特异性抗原和抗体水平较低。进一步研究表明，蒿甲醚的适当方案在早期治疗尾蚴再感染方面也有效。当每隔一天感染48 - 52条尾蚴，共感染5次的兔子经胃内给予15 mg kg-1蒿甲醚，随后每1或2周重复给药2 - 3次时，雌虫减少率为92.1% - 98.4%。肝脏的组织病理学检查表明，上述蒿甲醚的早期治疗对狗和兔子显示出有希望的保护作用。主要特征包括肝脏外观正常，类似于未感染的狗和兔子；肝脏表面很少或没有散在的粟粒状虫卵结节；肝小叶结构正常，肝束排列正常；门静脉区域很少或没有虫卵，总虫卵肉芽肿明显减少，包括炎性、纤维性或瘢痕性虫卵肉芽肿。基于上述结果，可推荐蒿甲醚早期治疗用于控制急性血吸虫病、降低感染率和感染强度的现场试验。
