Beffa T, Blanc M, Lyon P F, Vogt G, Marchiani M, Fischer J L, Aragno M
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 May;62(5):1723-7. doi: 10.1128/aem.62.5.1723-1727.1996.
High numbers (10(7) to 10(10) cells per g [dry weight]) of heterotrophic, gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-sporeforming, aerobic, thermophilic bacteria related to the genus Thermus were isolated from thermogenic composts at temperatures between 65 and 82 degrees C. These bacteria were present in different types of wastes (garden and kitchen wastes and sewage sludge) and in all the industrial composting systems studied (open-air windows, boxes with automated turning and aeration, and closed bioreactors with aeration). Isolates grew fast on a rich complex medium at temperatures between 40 and 80 degrees C, with optimum growth between 65 and 75 degrees C. Nutritional characteristics, total protein profiles, DNA-DNA hybridization (except strain JT4), and restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of the DNAs coding for the 16S rRNAs (16S rDNAs) showed that Thermus strains isolated from hot composts were closely related to Thermus thermophilus HB8. These newly isolated T. thermophilus strains have probably adapted to the conditions in the hot-compost ecosystem. Heterotrophic, ovalspore-forming, thermophilic bacilli were also isolated from hot composts, but none of the isolates was able to grow at temperatures above 70 degrees C. This is the first report of hot composts as habitats for a high number of thermophilic bacteria related to the genus Thermus. Our study suggests that Thermus strains play an important role in organic-matter degradation during the thermogenic phase (65 to 80 degrees C) of the composting process.
在温度介于65至82摄氏度的产热堆肥中，分离出了大量（每克[干重]含10⁷至10¹⁰个细胞）与嗜热栖热菌属相关的异养、革兰氏阴性、杆状、无芽孢形成、需氧嗜热细菌。这些细菌存在于不同类型的废弃物（花园和厨房垃圾以及污水污泥）以及所有研究的工业堆肥系统（露天窗口、自动翻堆和曝气的箱子以及带曝气的封闭式生物反应器）中。分离菌株在富含营养的复合培养基上于40至80摄氏度之间生长迅速，最适生长温度在65至75摄氏度之间。营养特征、总蛋白谱、DNA-DNA杂交（菌株JT4除外）以及编码16S核糖体RNA（16S rDNA）的DNA的限制性片段长度多态性谱表明，从热堆肥中分离出的嗜热栖热菌菌株与嗜热栖热菌HB8密切相关。这些新分离的嗜热栖热菌菌株可能已适应热堆肥生态系统中的条件。还从热堆肥中分离出了异养、形成椭圆形芽孢的嗜热杆菌，但没有一个分离株能够在70摄氏度以上的温度下生长。这是关于热堆肥作为大量与嗜热栖热菌属相关嗜热细菌栖息地的首次报告。我们的研究表明，嗜热栖热菌菌株在堆肥过程的产热阶段（65至80摄氏度）的有机物降解中发挥着重要作用。
