Barnes M A, Dennis M, Haefele-Kalvaitis J
McMaster University, Toronto, Canada.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1996 Apr;61(3):216-41. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1996.0015.
Two experiments are presented in which a novel knowledge base was acquired by 6- to 15-year-old children prior to hearing a multiepisode story, and where inferences from the story drew only on that knowledge base. Making knowledge equally available to all children did not attenuate age-related differences in either coherence or elaborative inferencing. Easily accessible knowledge was generally twice as likely to be used to make inferences during text comprehension as was knowledge that took longer to retrieve, though knowledge accessibility was more important for coherence inferencing in younger than in older children. Children made more coherence than elaborative inferences in the context of text comprehension, even though elaborative inferencing was more frequent in a simpler processing situation. Within the context of an available knowledge base, the results provide evidence for the importance of knowledge accessibility in children's inferencing, and for the changing developmental relevance of knowledge accessibility for coherence and elaborative inferencing.
本文呈现了两项实验，实验中6至15岁的儿童在听一个多集故事之前获取了一个新的知识库，并且故事中的推理仅基于该知识库。让所有儿童都能平等获取知识，并没有减弱在连贯性推理或精细推理方面与年龄相关的差异。在文本理解过程中，易于获取的知识用于推理的可能性通常是需要更长时间检索的知识的两倍，不过对于年幼儿童而言，知识的可及性在连贯性推理中比年长儿童更为重要。在文本理解的情境中，儿童做出的连贯性推理比精细推理更多，尽管在更简单的处理情境中精细推理更为频繁。在现有知识库的背景下，研究结果证明了知识可及性在儿童推理中的重要性，以及知识可及性对于连贯性推理和精细推理不断变化的发展相关性。
