Davis M H, Conklin L, Smith A, Luce C
Department of Behavioral Science, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, Florida 33733, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Apr;70(4):713-26. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.4.713.
Two experiments examined the possibility that perspective taking leads observers to create cognitive representation of others that substantially overlap with the observers' own self-representations. In Experiment 1 observers receiving role-taking instructions were more likely to ascribe traits to a novel target that they (observers) had earlier indicated were self-descriptive. This pattern was most pronounced, however for positively valenced traits. In Experiment 2 some participants received role-taking instructions but were also given a distracting memory task. In the absence of this task, role taking again produced greater overlap--primarily for positive traits--between self- and target representations. In the presence of the memory task, the degree of self-target overlap was significantly reduced for all traits, regardless of valence. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
即采取他人视角会引导观察者构建与自身自我表征有大量重叠的他人认知表征。在实验1中，接受角色扮演指令的观察者更有可能将他们（观察者）先前表明具有自我描述性的特质归属于一个新目标。然而，这种模式在正性效价特质方面最为明显。在实验2中，一些参与者接受了角色扮演指令，但同时也被给予了一项干扰性记忆任务。在没有这项任务的情况下，角色扮演再次产生了自我与目标表征之间更大的重叠——主要是针对正性特质。在有记忆任务的情况下，所有特质的自我-目标重叠程度都显著降低，无论效价如何。文中讨论了这些发现的可能解释。
